Acupuncture and Related Therapies for Obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Obesity is a worldwide public health problem. Currently, increasing evidence suggests acupuncture and related therapies are effective for obesity. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to compare the effectiveness of different acupuncture and related therapies. We searched potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in three international databases. Thirty-four trials involving 2283 participants were included. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that acupuncture and related therapies were superior to lifestyle modification and placebo in reducing weight and body mass index (BMI). Based on decreases in body weight, results from NMA showed that acupoint catgut embedding (standard mean difference [SMD]: 1.26; 95% credible interval [95% CI], 0.46-2.06), acupuncture (SMD: 2.72; 95% CrI, 0.06-5.29), and combination of acupuncture and related theories (SMD: 3.65; 95% CrI, 0.96-6.94) were more effective than placebo. Another NMA result indicated that acupoint catgut embedding (SMD: 0.63; 95% CI, 0.25-1.11), acupuncture (SMD: 1.28; 95% CrI, 0.43-2.06), combination of acupuncture and related therapies (SMD: 1.44; 95% CrI, 0.64-2.38), and electroacupuncture (SMD: 0.60; 95% CrI, 0.03-1.22) were superior to lifestyle modification in decreasing BMI. Combination of acupuncture and related therapies was ranked the optimal method for both reducing weight and BMI. Further studies will clarify which combination of acupuncture and related therapies is better.