Andrade David Cristóbal, Beltrán Ana Rosa, Labarca-Valenzuela Cristian, Manzo-Botarelli Oscar, Trujillo Erwin, Otero-Farias Patricio, Álvarez Cristian, Garcia-Hermoso Antonio, Toledo Camilo, Del Rio Rodrigo, Silva-Urra Juan, Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo
Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Faculty of Physiological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
Front Physiol. 2018 Oct 9;9:1415. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01415. eCollection 2018.
Plyometric training performed at sea level enhance explosive and endurance performance at sea level. However, its effects on explosive and endurance performance at high altitude had not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a sea level short-term (i.e., 4-week) plyometric training program on explosive and endurance performance at sea level and at high altitude (i.e., 3,270 m above sea level). Participants were randomly assigned to a control group ( = 12) and a plyometric training group ( = 11). Neuromuscular (reactive strength index - RSI) and endurance (2-km time-trial; running economy [RE]; maximal oxygen uptake - VOmax) measurements were performed at sea level before, at sea level after intervention (SL +4 week), and at high altitude 24-h post SL +4 week. The ANOVA revealed that at SL +4 week the VOmax was not significantly changed in any group, although RE, RSI and 2-km time trial were significantly ( < 0.05) improved in the plyometric training group. After training, when both groups were exposed to high altitude, participants from the plyometric training group showed a greater RSI ( < 0.05) and were able to maintain their 2-km time trial (11.3 ± 0.5 min vs. 10.7 ± 0.6 min) compared to their pre-training sea level performance. In contrast, the control group showed no improvement in RSI, with a worse 2-km time trial performance (10.3 ± 0.8 min vs. 9.02 ± 0.64 min; < 0.05; ES = 0.13). Moreover, after training, both at sea level and at high altitude the plyometric training group demonstrated a greater ( < 0.05) RSI and 2-km time trial performance compared to the control group. The oxygen saturation was significantly decreased after acute exposure to high altitude in the two groups ( < 0.05). These results confirm the beneficial effects of sea level short-term plyometric training on explosive and endurance performance at sea level. Moreover, current results indicates that plyometric training may also be of value for endurance athletes performing after an acute exposure to high altitude.
在海平面进行的增强式训练可提升海平面的爆发力和耐力表现。然而，其对高海拔地区爆发力和耐力表现的影响尚未得到研究。因此，本研究的目的是确定海平面短期（即4周）增强式训练计划对海平面和高海拔地区（即海拔3270米）爆发力和耐力表现的影响。参与者被随机分为对照组（n = 12）和增强式训练组（n = 11）。在海平面干预前、海平面干预后（SL +4周）以及SL +4周后24小时的高海拔地区进行神经肌肉（反应力量指数 - RSI）和耐力（2公里计时赛；跑步经济性[RE]；最大摄氧量 - VOmax）测量。方差分析显示，在SL +4周时，尽管增强式训练组的RE、RSI和2公里计时赛有显著改善（P < 0.05），但任何一组的VOmax均无显著变化。训练后，当两组都暴露于高海拔地区时，增强式训练组的参与者表现出更大的RSI（P < 0.05），并且与训练前的海平面表现相比，能够维持他们的2公里计时赛成绩（11.3 ± 0.5分钟对10.7 ± 0.6分钟）。相比之下对照组的RSI没有改善，2公里计时赛成绩更差（10.3 ± 0.8分钟对9.02 ± 0.64分钟；P < 0.05；ES = 0.13）。此外，训练后，在海平面和高海拔地区，增强式训练组的RSI和2公里计时赛成绩均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。两组在急性暴露于高海拔地区后血氧饱和度均显著降低（P < 0.05）。这些结果证实了海平面短期增强式训练对海平面爆发力和耐力表现的有益影响。此外，目前的结果表明，增强式训练对于急性暴露于高海拔地区后进行运动的耐力运动员可能也有价值。
