Koźlenia Dawid, Kochan-Jacheć Katarzyna, Domaradzki Jarosław
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jan 9;13(1):15. doi: 10.3390/sports13010015.
Schools provide an ideal setting for enhancing adolescents' health and fitness. Short-term intensive interventions are particularly relevant, but the effectiveness of plyometric exercises in jointly improving aerobic and anaerobic performance remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plyometric-based training, in the form of interval workouts during physical education lessons, on power and endurance in adolescents. A total of 87 boys and 95 girls (aged 14-15 years) participated in an 8-week intervention, performing plyometric exercises twice weekly during physical education classes. The analyzed parameters were jump height (JH) measured by countermovement jump (CMJ) and distance covered during multistage fitness test (MFT). The results showed significant improvements among boys participating in the JH experiment and the distance covered in the MFT ( < 0.05); thus, the effect sizes were relatively small (ES < 0.3). Also, the prevalence of positive responders was more common for boys than girls; however, the difference was statistically insignificant ( = 0.09). These findings suggest that plyometric training has the potential for improving physical fitness, even in the context of developing opposing physical abilities, particularly in boys. However, the effects varied across individuals and were generally small, highlighting the need to optimize the intervention to achieve more pronounced results tailored to individual characteristics.
学校为增强青少年的健康和体能提供了理想的环境。短期强化干预尤为重要，但增强式训练在同时提高有氧和无氧运动表现方面的效果仍不确定。本研究旨在评估体育课中以间歇训练形式进行的增强式训练对青少年力量和耐力的影响。共有87名男孩和95名女孩（年龄在14 - 15岁之间）参与了为期8周的干预，在体育课上每周进行两次增强式训练。分析的参数包括通过反向纵跳（CMJ）测量的跳跃高度（JH）和多级 fitness 测试（MFT）中所覆盖的距离。结果显示，参与JH实验的男孩以及MFT中所覆盖的距离有显著改善（< 0.05）；因此，效应量相对较小（ES < 0.3）。此外，积极响应者的比例在男孩中比女孩中更常见；然而，差异无统计学意义（= 0.09）。这些发现表明，即使在发展相反身体能力的背景下，增强式训练也有提高身体素质的潜力，尤其是在男孩中。然而，效果因个体而异，且总体较小，这突出了优化干预措施以获得更符合个体特征的显著效果的必要性。
