Bugge Ingrid, Jensen Tine K, Nilsen Lisa Govasli, Ekeberg Øivind, Dyb Grete, Diseth Trond H
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic stress Studies, Norway.
Injury. 2019 Jan;50(1):197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.10.024. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
The objective of the study was to explore hospitalized youths' experiences with psychosocial care in the hospital after the shooting on Utøya Island, Norway, in 2011.
17 hospitalized youths were interviewed face-to-face 30-31 months after the attack. The interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The initial reading and coding of the interviews was carried out inductively. To explore the emphasis placed on everyday conversation and ordinary interaction detected during the initial reading, the text was re-read while bearing in mind concepts from the research field of sociology concerning the therapeutic potential in commonplace conversations and situations.
The youths highlighted the need for health care workers to embrace essential aspects of their past, present and future. Therefore, three overarching categories emerged related to 1) Remembering the past, 2) Dealing with the present and 3) Preparing for the future. For each temporal category, two related subcategories were identified: Past:Engaging in the trauma narrative; Understanding the trauma reminders; Present: Bringing back normalcy; Being there; Future: Supporting confidence; Instilling trust.
For the youths in the current study, talking with the hospital staff about their traumatic experiences was mostly perceived as positive and linked to various helpful outcomes. In addition to engaging in the trauma narrative, the staff needed to comprehend and address how the traumatic experiences and the hospitalization resulted in the survivors' extended fear and changed appraisals about the world and themselves. Having the time to stay physically and mentally close to the youths and engage in everyday interaction was crucial in rebuilding their sense of safety and bringing back normalcy. The hospital staff played a significant role in strengthening the survivors' confidence in own capabilities and trust in others. The different professionals in the hospital contributed to various aspects of psychosocial care, and both trauma-focused interventions and commonplace conversations and actions were emphasized as important and meaningful approaches.
本研究的目的是探究2011年挪威于特岛枪击事件后住院青少年在医院接受心理社会护理的经历。
在袭击发生30 - 31个月后，对17名住院青少年进行了面对面访谈。采用解释现象学分析（IPA）对访谈进行分析。访谈的初始阅读和编码是归纳进行的。为了探究在初始阅读中发现的对日常对话和普通互动的重视，在重读文本时考虑了社会学研究领域中关于日常对话和情境中治疗潜力的概念。
青少年强调医护人员需要接纳他们过去、现在和未来的重要方面。因此，出现了三个总体类别，分别与1）铭记过去、2）应对当下和3）为未来做准备相关。对于每个时间类别，确定了两个相关的子类别：过去：参与创伤叙述；理解创伤提示物；当下：恢复正常；陪伴左右；未来：增强信心；灌输信任。
对于本研究中的青少年来说，与医院工作人员谈论他们的创伤经历大多被视为积极的，并与各种有益的结果相关联。除了参与创伤叙述外，工作人员还需要理解并解决创伤经历和住院治疗如何导致幸存者产生长期恐惧以及对世界和自身的看法发生改变。有时间在身体和心理上与青少年保持亲近并参与日常互动对于重建他们的安全感和恢复正常至关重要。医院工作人员在增强幸存者对自身能力的信心和对他人的信任方面发挥了重要作用。医院的不同专业人员在心理社会护理的各个方面都做出了贡献，以创伤为重点的干预措施以及日常对话和行动都被强调为重要且有意义的方法。
