Tokarev Yuri S, Zinatullina Zimfira Y, Ignatieva Anastasiya N, Zhigileva Oksana N, Malysh Julia M, Sokolova Yulia Y
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Microbiological Plant Protection, 196608, Podbelskogo, 3,Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg,Russia.
All-Russian Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology - Branch of Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, Laboratory of bee diseases, 625041, Institutskaya, 2,Tyumen, Russia.
Acta Parasitol. 2018 Dec 19;63(4):728-732. doi: 10.1515/ap-2018-0086.
Two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, occur regularly and cause significant losses in apiculture throughout the world. N. ceranae is thought to be an emerging pathogen of the European honey bee which is replacing N. apis. Microscopic analysis of honey bees collected in Tyumen region, South-Western Siberia, suggested presence of two microsporidial pathogens slightly differing in spore size and shape. PCR detection using species-specific primer sets 312APIS and 218MITOC followed by PCR product sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of N. apis and N. ceranae, respectively. Microsporidia were present in private apiaries through 2008-2010, and among 21 colonies from 7 localities, two colonies were infected with both pathogens, while infections with N. apis only were detected in 8, and with N. ceranae only in 13 colonies. These data suggest that N. ceranae is widely spread in South-Western Siberia alongside with N. apis and is able to persist in the regions with average January temperatures below -18°C.
两种微孢子虫，蜜蜂微孢子虫（Nosema apis）和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫（Nosema ceranae），经常出现并在全球养蜂业中造成重大损失。东方蜜蜂微孢子虫被认为是欧洲蜜蜂的一种新兴病原体，正在取代蜜蜂微孢子虫。对西西伯利亚西南部秋明地区采集的蜜蜂进行显微镜分析表明，存在两种微孢子虫病原体，其孢子大小和形状略有不同。使用物种特异性引物对312APIS和218MITOC进行PCR检测，随后对PCR产物进行测序，分别确诊为蜜蜂微孢子虫和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫。2008 - 2010年期间，私人养蜂场中存在微孢子虫，在来自7个地点的21个蜂群中，有两个蜂群同时感染了这两种病原体，仅感染蜜蜂微孢子虫的有8个蜂群，仅感染东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的有13个蜂群。这些数据表明，东方蜜蜂微孢子虫与蜜蜂微孢子虫一起在西西伯利亚西南部广泛传播，并且能够在1月份平均气温低于-18°C的地区持续存在。
