DeLong Caroline M, Fobe Irene, O'Leary Taylor, Wilcox Kenneth Tyler
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, 18 Lomb Memorial Dr., Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, 18 Lomb Memorial Dr., Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Behav Processes. 2018 Dec;157:263-278. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
This study examined the ability of goldfish to visually identify 2D objects rotated in the picture plane. This ability would be adaptive for fish since they move in three dimensions and frequently view objects from different orientations. Goldfish performed a two-alternative forced choice task in which they were trained to discriminate between two objects at 0°, then tested with novel aspect angles (+/- 45°, +/- 90°, +/- 135°, 180°). Stimuli consisted of an arrow and half circle (Experiment 1) and line drawings of a turtle and frog (Experiments 2 and 3). In the first two experiments, the S+ and S- were presented at the same aspect angle. Performance in these experiments exceeded chance on four of seven novel aspect angles. Overall accuracy was not significantly different with complex stimuli (animal drawings) vs. simple stimuli (geometric shapes). In Experiment 3, when fish were tested with the S+ at varying aspect angles and the S- always presented at 0°, the fish failed to discriminate among the stimuli at all but one aspect angle. These goldfish viewing planar-rotated 2D objects did not display viewpoint-invariant performance, nor did they show a systematic decrement in performance as a function of aspect angle.
本研究考察了金鱼视觉识别在画面平面中旋转的二维物体的能力。这种能力对鱼类具有适应性，因为它们在三维空间中移动，并且经常从不同方向观察物体。金鱼执行了一个二选一的强制选择任务，在该任务中，它们先接受训练以区分0°的两个物体，然后用新的视角角度（±45°、±90°、±135°、180°）进行测试。刺激物包括一个箭头和一个半圆（实验1）以及乌龟和青蛙的线条图（实验2和3）。在前两个实验中，正刺激（S+）和负刺激（S-）以相同的视角角度呈现。在这两个实验中，金鱼在七个新视角角度中的四个上的表现超过了随机水平。复杂刺激（动物图）与简单刺激（几何形状）的总体准确率没有显著差异。在实验3中，当用不同视角角度的正刺激对金鱼进行测试且负刺激始终呈现为0°时，金鱼除了在一个视角角度外，无法区分刺激物。这些观察平面旋转二维物体的金鱼既没有表现出视角不变的性能，也没有表现出随着视角角度变化而性能系统性下降的情况。
