Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India; Department of Biotechnology, Guwahati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India; Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center (TFREC), College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences (CAHNRS), Washington State University, USA; Department of Biological Control, Advanced Biotech Cooperative, Cameroon.
Microb Pathog. 2019 Jan;126:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.028. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
The perennial wild rice Zizania latifolia is confined in the swampy habitat and wetland of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot of India and infection by the biotrophic fungus Ustilago esculenta is hallmarked by swellings that develop to form localized smut-gall at the topmost internodal region. The cellular and proteomic events involved in the non-systemic colonization of Z. latifolia by U. esculenta leading to smut-gall formation is poorly understood. Proteins were extracted from the smut-gall region at the topmost internodal region below the apical meristematic tissue from the infected and uninfected parts of Z. latifolia. By combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescent microscopy (FM), we showed that U. esculenta hyphal morphological transitions and movement occurred both intercellularly and intracellularly while sporulation occurred intracellularly in selective cells. Following proteome profiling using two dimensional SDS-PAGE at different phenological phases of smut-gall development and U. esculenta infection, differentially expressed proteins bands and their relative abundance were detected and subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Importantly, the fungus explores at least 7 metabolic pathways and 5 major biological processes to subdue the host defense and thrive successfully on Z. latifolia. The fungus U. esculenta produces proteases and energy acquisition proteins those enhance it's defensive and survival mode in the host. The identified differentially regulated proteins shed-light into why inflorescence is being replaced by bulbous smut-gall at late stages of the disease, as well as the development of resistance in some Z. latifolia plants against U. esculenta infection.
多年生野生稻菰局限于印度印缅生物多样性热点地区的沼泽栖息地和湿地，被生物营养型真菌稻黑粉菌感染的特征是肿胀，这些肿胀在最顶端的节间区域发展形成局部黑粉菌瘿。稻黑粉菌对菰非系统性定殖导致黑粉菌瘿形成的细胞和蛋白质组学事件了解甚少。从受感染和未受感染菰的最顶端节间区域的顶端分生组织下方的黑粉菌瘿区域提取蛋白质。通过结合透射电子显微镜（TEM）和荧光显微镜（FM），我们表明稻黑粉菌菌丝形态转变和运动发生在细胞间和细胞内，而孢子发生则发生在选择性细胞内。在黑粉菌瘿发育和稻黑粉菌感染的不同物候阶段使用二维 SDS-PAGE 进行蛋白质组谱分析后，检测到差异表达的蛋白质条带及其相对丰度，并进行液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析。重要的是，该真菌至少探索了 7 种代谢途径和 5 种主要的生物过程，以制服宿主防御并在菰上成功生存。稻黑粉菌产生蛋白酶和能量获取蛋白，这些蛋白增强了它在宿主中的防御和生存模式。鉴定出的差异调节蛋白解释了为什么在疾病的后期阶段花序被球状黑粉菌瘿所取代，以及一些菰植物对稻黑粉菌感染产生抗性的原因。
