Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Int J Infect Dis. 2019 Jan;78:39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
The incidence rate of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in travellers from non-endemic areas to the Americas during the ZIKV outbreak in 2016 is unknown.
Belgian adults who planned to travel to South America, Central America, and the Caribbean were recruited prospectively to study the incidence and characteristics of ZIKV. Demographic data and sera were collected at baseline. Participants were trained to collect capillary blood on filter paper (BFP). When ill during travel, the participants completed a questionnaire and they sampled BFP for post-hoc analysis. All symptomatic participants were screened for ZIKV using ZIKV-specific RT-PCR on serum or urine, or BFP, and antibody detection assays (ELISA). Follow-up sera of asymptomatic travellers, obtained at least 20 days post travel, were tested by ZIKV ELISA only. All positive ELISA results were subject to confirmation by virus neutralization testing (VNT).
Forty-nine participants completed follow-up: 38 women and 11 men, with a median age of 32 years (range 19-64 years). Travel destinations were countries in South America (n=20), Central America (n=24), and the Caribbean (n=5). The total travel duration was 67.8 person-months. Illness was reported by 24 participants (49.0%). ZIKV infection was confirmed in nine cases, by RT-PCR (n=5) and by VNT (n=4). Only one of nine ZIKV cases (11.1%) was asymptomatic. The ZIKV incidence rate was 17.0% (95% confidence interval 7.8-32.2%) per month of travel.
The ZIKV incidence rate in adult travellers from non-endemic countries to the epidemic territories during the 2016 outbreak was high. Asymptomatic ZIKV infection was rare in this population.
在 2016 年寨卡病毒（ZIKV）爆发期间，来自非流行地区的旅行者感染 ZIKV 的发病率尚不清楚。
前瞻性招募计划前往南美洲、中美洲和加勒比地区的比利时成年人，以研究 ZIKV 的发病率和特征。在基线时收集人口统计学数据和血清。培训参与者使用滤纸片（BFP）采集毛细血管血。旅行期间患病时，参与者填写问卷并采集 BFP 进行事后分析。所有有症状的参与者均通过血清或尿液或 BFP 上的 ZIKV 特异性 RT-PCR 以及抗体检测（ELISA）进行 ZIKV 筛查。对无症状旅行者的随访血清，至少在旅行后 20 天进行检测，仅通过 ZIKV ELISA 进行检测。所有 ELISA 阳性结果均通过病毒中和试验（VNT）进行确认。
49 名参与者完成了随访：38 名女性和 11 名男性，中位年龄 32 岁（19-64 岁）。旅行目的地为南美洲国家（n=20）、中美洲国家（n=24）和加勒比国家（n=5）。总旅行时间为 67.8 人月。24 名参与者（49.0%）报告患病。通过 RT-PCR（n=5）和 VNT（n=4）证实了 9 例 ZIKV 感染。9 例 ZIKV 病例中仅有 1 例（11.1%）无症状。ZIKV 发病率为每月旅行 17.0%（95%置信区间 7.8-32.2%）。
在 2016 年流行期间，来自非流行国家的旅行者前往流行地区的 ZIKV 发病率较高。在该人群中，无症状 ZIKV 感染很少见。
