Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Jan 15;167:485-493. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.045. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) levels were assessed in the liver and muscle of two data-deficient threatened dolphin species, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, n = 4) and the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis, n = 6), sampled off the Southeastern Brazilian coast. PCB concentrations were greater in liver compared to muscle, with males presenting higher concentrations than females. The three main detected PCB congeners were PCBs 138, 153 and 180. A predominance of hexachlorinated congeners was observed, followed by hepta- and penta-PCBs. For both species, Cl 3 and Cl 4 levels were higher in muscle compared to liver, while Cl 5 to Cl 8 and ∑PCBs were higher in liver. PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in Atlantic spotted dolphin muscle and liver compared to bottlenose dolphins. Similarly to PCBs, the highest PBDE concentrations were observed in males. The presence of PBDE congeners BDE-47, -100 and -99 in the muscle and liver of both species suggests the existence of a pollution source in Brazil by a penta-BDE mixture, as PBDEs have never been produced in Brazil. Interspecific PCB and PBDE profiles were very similar, which may be related to the similar characteristics of the analyzed species, mainly geographic distribution and life and feeding habits. This study furthers knowledge on environmental PCB and PBDE contamination, assisting in the establishment of dolphin population conservation strategies. In addition, this study calls into question the current threshold values established for PCBs and PBDEs, and demonstrates the lack of information and knowledge in this regard for cetaceans.
多氯联苯（PCBs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）在两种数据不足的濒危海豚物种的肝脏和肌肉中进行了评估，这两种物种是宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus，n=4）和大西洋斑点海豚（Stenella frontalis，n=6），采样于巴西东南沿海。与肌肉相比，肝脏中的 PCB 浓度更高，雄性的浓度高于雌性。检测到的三种主要 PCB 同系物是 PCB 138、153 和 180。观察到六氯同系物占主导地位，其次是七氯和五氯同系物。对于这两个物种，肌肉中的 Cl3 和 Cl4 水平高于肝脏，而 Cl5 到 Cl8 和∑PCBs 则在肝脏中更高。大西洋斑点海豚肌肉和肝脏中的 PBDE 浓度明显高于宽吻海豚。与 PCBs 相似，雄性的 PBDE 浓度最高。BDE-47、-100 和 -99 这几种 PBDE 同系物在这两种物种的肌肉和肝脏中的存在表明巴西存在五溴二苯醚混合物的污染源，因为巴西从未生产过 PBDE。种间 PCB 和 PBDE 分布非常相似，这可能与分析物种的相似特征有关，主要是地理分布、生活和摄食习惯。这项研究增进了对环境 PCB 和 PBDE 污染的了解，有助于制定海豚种群保护策略。此外，这项研究对目前为 PCBs 和 PBDEs 设定的阈值提出了质疑，并表明在这方面对鲸目动物的了解和信息不足。
