Oettingen Justyna, Chodkiewicz Jan, Mącik Dorota, Gruszczyńska Ewa
Zakład Psychologii Lekarskiej, Katedra Psychiatrii Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytet Jagielloński.
Zakład Psychoprofilaktyki i Psychologii Uzależnień, Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Łódzki.
Psychiatr Pol. 2018 Aug 24;52(4):707-718. doi: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/76541.
The aim of the study was to prepare the Polish adaptation of the Young Schema Questionnaire S3-PL. The scale is a self-assessment tool designed to measure 18 early maladaptive schemas.
The sample consists of 1,529 adults (927 women and 585 men), aged 18-85 years (mean age was 32 years), from non-clinical groups.
After language validation the internal consistency was assessed. The Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.62 (Entitlement/grandiosity) to 0.81 (Failure), and it was 0.96 for total score. The best solution obtained in exploratory factor analysis was an eight-factor model, instead of the assumed 18-factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis also did not fully supported Young's theoretical model. From all the tested models, bi-factor model (i.e., one generic factor and correlated specific factors - schemas) fitted the data best. In accordance with this model schema variance is explained concurrently by generic and specific factors; generic factor explains most of the Defectiveness variance, while only slightly - Self-sacrifice variance. Convergent validity analysis confirmes positive medium correlations with scales measuring psychopathology. Similarly, negative correlations with self-efficacy and optimism indicate good divergent validity.
The psychometric characteristics of the Polish adaptation of the YSQ-S3PL is similar to those reported for other language versions. The results allow to recommend the method for scientific research. However, using it in therapeutic practice needs caution - especially in the case of clinical diagnosis. Further analyses are necessary to assess criterion validity and discriminative power in clinical settings.
本研究旨在编制波兰语版的青年图式问卷S3-PL。该量表是一种自我评估工具，旨在测量18种早期适应不良图式。
样本包括1529名18至85岁（平均年龄32岁）的非临床组成年人（927名女性和585名男性）。
经过语言验证后，评估了内部一致性。克朗巴哈系数范围从0.62（权利/夸大）到0.81（失败），总分的克朗巴哈系数为0.96。探索性因素分析得到的最佳解决方案是一个八因素模型，而非假定的18因素结构。验证性因素分析也未完全支持杨的理论模型。在所有测试模型中，双因素模型（即一个一般因素和相关的特定因素——图式）对数据的拟合最佳。根据该模型，图式方差由一般因素和特定因素共同解释；一般因素解释了大部分缺陷方差，而对自我牺牲方差的解释仅略有贡献。收敛效度分析证实与测量精神病理学的量表呈中等正相关。同样，与自我效能感和乐观主义的负相关表明具有良好的区分效度。
波兰语版YSQ-S3PL的心理测量特征与其他语言版本报告的特征相似。研究结果可为科研方法提供推荐。然而，在治疗实践中使用时需谨慎——尤其是在临床诊断方面。有必要进行进一步分析以评估临床环境中的效标效度和区分能力。
