Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1092:1-10. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_1.
The qualitative description of tumors feeling stiffer than surrounding normal tissue has been long appreciated in the clinical setting. These empirical observations have been corroborated by the precise measurement and characterization of mechanical properties of cancerous tissues. Much of the advancement in our understanding of mechanics in oncology has been enabled by the development of innovative technologies designed to probe cells and tissues as well as integrative software analysis tools that facilitate biological interpretation and generation of testable hypotheses. While some mechanics in oncology research has been investigator-initiated and supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), several NCI programs described herein have helped to foster the growth of the burgeoning field. Programs highlighted in this chapter include Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT), Physical Sciences-Oncology Network (PS-ON), Tumor Microenvironment Network (TMEN), Integrative Cancer Biology Program (ICBP), and the Cancer Systems Biology Consortium (CSBC). This chapter showcases the scientific contributions of these programs to the field of biomechanics in oncology.
肿瘤比周围正常组织感觉更硬的定性描述在临床环境中早已得到认可。这些经验观察得到了对癌变组织机械性能的精确测量和特征描述的证实。在肿瘤力学理解方面的许多进展得益于创新技术的发展，这些技术旨在探测细胞和组织，以及整合软件分析工具，促进生物学解释和生成可测试的假设。虽然一些肿瘤力学研究是由国家癌症研究所（NCI）的研究人员发起并支持的，但本文所述的几个 NCI 项目有助于促进这一新兴领域的发展。本章重点介绍的项目包括创新分子分析技术（IMAT）、物理科学肿瘤网络（PS-ON）、肿瘤微环境网络（TMEN）、癌症综合生物学计划（ICBP）和癌症系统生物学联盟（CSBC）。本章展示了这些项目对肿瘤生物力学领域的科学贡献。
