Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1092:139-157. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_8.
Cells in vivo migrate in a complex microenvironment and are subjected to varying degrees of physical confinement provided by neighboring cells, tissues, and extracellular matrix. The molecular machinery that cells utilize to migrate through confining pores or microtracks shares both similarities and differences with that used in unconfined 2D migration. Depending on the exact properties of the local microenvironment and cell contractile state, cells can adopt distinct phenotypes and employ a wide array of mechanisms to migrate efficiently in confined spaces. Remarkably, these various migration modes are also interconvertible and interconnected, highlighting the plasticity and inherent complexity underlying confined cell migration. In this book chapter, an overview of the different molecular mechanisms utilized by cells to migrate in confinement is presented, with special emphasis on the extrinsic environmental and intrinsic molecular determinants that control the transformation from one mechanism to the other.
细胞在体内迁移时处于复杂的微环境中，并受到来自邻近细胞、组织和细胞外基质的不同程度的物理限制。细胞利用来穿越限制孔或微轨迹的分子机制与在无限制的 2D 迁移中使用的分子机制既有相似之处，也有不同之处。具体取决于局部微环境的精确性质和细胞的收缩状态，细胞可以采用不同的表型，并采用广泛的机制来有效地在受限空间中迁移。值得注意的是，这些不同的迁移模式也是相互转换和相互关联的，突出了受限细胞迁移的可塑性和内在复杂性。在本章中，概述了细胞在限制条件下迁移所利用的不同分子机制，并特别强调了控制从一种机制向另一种机制转变的外在环境和内在分子决定因素。
