Taylor H S, Morgan K J, Pomroy W E, McInnes K
a School of Veterinary Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand.
b Wildbase , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 2019 Mar;67(2):101-104. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1541425. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
To assess the efficacy of toltrazuril against the Eimeria spp. affecting brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli).
Droppings were collected from three brown kiwi, aged <6 months old, at a captive rearing facility in the North Island of New Zealand, between 22 February and 20 April 2017, on 14 sampling dates. Only droppings (n=30) that were excreted between 03:00 and 07:00, as determined using video surveillance, were included for analysis, reflecting the peak time for shedding of coccidial oocysts for brown kiwi. Oocysts were quantified in each sample and Eimeria species identified on the basis of oocyst morphology. All samples were collected between 2 and 10 days after the birds had been treated with 25 mg/kg toltrazuril.
Eimeria spp. oocysts were identified in 28/30 individual samples and on 14/14 sampling dates. Oocyst counts varied from 0 to 328,080 oocysts per gram (opg), and at least one oocyst count >10,000 opg was measured on 12/14 sampling dates. Three species of Eimeria were observed, with Eimeria apteryxii and E. kiwii most commonly encountered, whereas only one sample contained E. paraurii.
In the three birds monitored at this research site, there was a high abundance of E. apteryxii and E. kiwii oocysts in droppings despite recent administration of toltrazuril. These results suggest that the populations of Eimeria spp. affecting brown kiwi at this location appear to possess an ability to survive exposure to toltrazuril. Toltrazuril is widely used at captive rearing facilities to limit the effects of coccidiosis in juvenile kiwi. If a lack of efficacy is confirmed, it will be necessary to investigate alternative treatment regimens alongside broader environmental management strategies.
评估托曲珠利对感染褐几维鸟（Apteryx mantelli）的艾美耳球虫的疗效。
2017年2月22日至4月20日期间，在新西兰北岛的一个圈养饲养设施中，从3只6个月龄以下的褐几维鸟收集粪便，共进行14次采样。仅纳入通过视频监控确定在03:00至07:00之间排出的粪便（n = 30）进行分析，这反映了褐几维鸟球虫卵囊排出的高峰时间。对每个样本中的卵囊进行定量，并根据卵囊形态鉴定艾美耳球虫种类。所有样本均在鸟类接受25 mg/kg托曲珠利治疗后2至10天内采集。
在28/30个个体样本和14/14个采样日期中鉴定出艾美耳球虫的卵囊。卵囊计数范围为每克0至328,080个卵囊（opg），在12/14个采样日期测量到至少一次卵囊计数>10,000 opg。观察到三种艾美耳球虫，其中最常见的是褐几维艾美耳球虫和奇异艾美耳球虫，而仅一个样本含有副褐几维艾美耳球虫。
在该研究地点监测的三只鸟中，尽管最近使用了托曲珠利，但粪便中褐几维艾美耳球虫和奇异艾美耳球虫的卵囊数量仍然很多。这些结果表明，该地点感染褐几维鸟的艾美耳球虫种群似乎具有在接触托曲珠利后存活的能力。托曲珠利在圈养饲养设施中广泛用于限制幼年几维鸟球虫病的影响。如果证实缺乏疗效，则有必要研究替代治疗方案以及更广泛的环境管理策略。
