Keinänen Marja, Käkelä Reijo, Ritvanen Tiina, Pönni Jukka, Harjunpää Hannu, Myllylä Timo, Vuorinen Pekka J
1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), P.O. Box 2, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
2Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Mar Biol. 2018;165(10):161. doi: 10.1007/s00227-018-3418-8. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in salmonids related to a lipid-rich fish diet causes offspring mortality in the yolk-sac fry phase. A low free thiamine (THIAM) concentration in eggs is an indication of this syndrome. Thiamine deficiency of salmon () feeding in the Baltic Sea, called M74, was connected to the principal prey fish and feeding area using fatty acid (FA) signature analysis. The FAs of feeding salmon from two areas of the Baltic Sea, the Baltic Proper (57°10' 19°30') and the Bothnian Sea (61°30' 20°00') in 2004, reflected the principal prey species in these areas, sprat () and herring (), respectively. Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and 18:1n-7 indicated dietary herring, 18:1n-9 dietary sprat and 14:0 feeding in the Baltic Proper. The muscle FA profile of non-M74 female spawners of the River Simojoki in a year (1998) with a moderate M74 incidence and salmon of a non-M74 year (2004) reflected herring FAs, whereas the FAs in the M74 year and specifically in M74 females displayed characteristics of sprat. In the M74 year, the THIAM concentration had the strongest positive correlation with the proportion of muscle ARA, and the strongest negative correlations with 14:0 and the ratios 18:1n-9/ARA and 14:0/ARA. Thus, ARA along with 14:0 and these ratios were the most sensitive FA indicators of the dietary species and origin of the M74 syndrome. Despite the pre-spawning fasting, tissue FA signatures were consequently able to connect dietary sprat in the Baltic Proper with thiamine deficiency in Baltic salmon.
鲑科鱼类中与富含脂质的鱼类饮食相关的硫胺素（维生素B1）缺乏会导致卵黄囊仔鱼阶段的后代死亡。卵中游离硫胺素（THIAM）浓度低是该综合征的一个指标。利用脂肪酸（FA）特征分析，将波罗的海摄食的鲑鱼（）的硫胺素缺乏症（称为M74）与主要猎物鱼和摄食区域联系起来。2004年，来自波罗的海两个区域，即波罗的海 Proper（57°10' 19°30'）和博特尼亚海（61°30' 20°00'）的摄食鲑鱼的脂肪酸反映了这些区域的主要猎物种类，分别为黍鲱（）和鲱鱼（）。花生四烯酸（ARA，20:4n - 6）和18:1n - 7表明摄食鲱鱼，18:1n - 9表明摄食黍鲱，14:0表明在波罗的海 Proper摄食。1998年M74发病率中等的一年中，西莫约基河非M74雌性产卵鱼的肌肉脂肪酸谱以及非M74年份（2004年）鲑鱼的脂肪酸谱反映了鲱鱼脂肪酸，而M74年份尤其是M74雌性的脂肪酸显示出黍鲱的特征。在M七四年，硫胺素浓度与肌肉ARA比例呈最强正相关，与14:0以及18:1n - 9/ARA和14:0/ARA比值呈最强负相关。因此，ARA以及14:0和这些比值是M74综合征饮食种类和来源最敏感的脂肪酸指标。尽管产卵前禁食，但组织脂肪酸特征因此能够将波罗的海 Proper的黍鲱饮食与波罗的海鲑鱼的硫胺素缺乏联系起来。
