Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica-UCR, Rodrigo Facio "Campus,", San José, Costa Rica.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018 Nov;30(6):492-501. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12394. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
To evaluate scientific evidence regarding depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) and related factors.
PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were accessed from October 2016 to May 2017. Investigations published in English language, assessing depth of cure of BFRCs by microhardness test and/or degree of conversion (DC) were included. Studies using exclusively ISO 4049, employing specimens deepness less than 4 mm, as well as those not reporting exposure time and/or irradiance from light curing units (LCUs) were excluded.
In total, 742 studies were found from which 33 were included. From 21 studies evaluating BFRCs microhardness, 10 showed acceptable bottom/top ratios (≥0.8) for all tested materials. However, material-dependent results and non-satisfactory bottom/top microhardness ratios (<0.8) were reported in 9 and 2 investigations, respectively. From 19 studies that assessed DC, 11 showed acceptable results (≥50%) for all tested BFRCs, while 8 studies reported material-dependent outcomes. Overall, irradiance from LCUs ranged from 650 to 1330 mW/cm and exposure time from 5 to 60 seconds. Favorable depth of cure results were observed with the use of LCUs emitting irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm and exposure times ≥20 seconds.
High depth of cure rates by BFRCs, depends on some factors as material, irradiance and exposure time. Polywave LCUs were useful but not essential on polymerizing alternative photoinitiator-containing BFRC.
LED curing devices (polywave or monowave) displaying an irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm and 20 seconds of exposure time are imperative to accomplish successful polymerization of most BFRCs.
评估块状充填树脂复合材料（BFRC）的固化深度和相关因素的科学证据。
2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 5 月期间，检索了 PubMed/Medline、Embase、Scopus 和 ISI Web of Science 数据库。纳入采用显微硬度测试和/或转化率（DC）评估 BFRC 固化深度的英文文献。排除仅采用 ISO 4049、试件深度小于 4mm、未报告光固化器（LCU）曝光时间和/或辐照度的研究。
共发现 742 篇研究，其中 33 篇被纳入。在 21 项评估 BFRC 显微硬度的研究中，10 项研究显示所有测试材料的底部/顶部比值（≥0.8）均为可接受。然而，9 项研究报告了材料依赖性结果和不令人满意的底部/顶部显微硬度比值（<0.8），2 项研究分别报告了 2 项研究。在 19 项评估 DC 的研究中，11 项研究显示所有测试的 BFRC 均有可接受的结果（≥50%），而 8 项研究报告了材料依赖性结果。总体而言，LCU 的辐照度范围为 650 至 1330mW/cm，曝光时间为 5 至 60 秒。使用辐照度≥1000mW/cm 和曝光时间≥20 秒的 LCU 可获得良好的固化深度效果。
BFRC 的高固化深度取决于材料、辐照度和曝光时间等因素。多波长 LCU 对聚合替代含光引发剂的 BFRC 很有用，但不是必需的。
具有≥1000mW/cm 辐照度和 20 秒曝光时间的 LED 固化装置对于成功聚合大多数 BFRC 至关重要。
