Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases Unit (B2PHI), Inserm, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Feb 1;74(2):342-348. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky451.
Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis. S. enterica strains that produce ESBLs (ESBL-Salm) remain rare in Europe and North America, but less is known about their prevalence among animal-derived foods in countries with weaker food safety practices and unregulated veterinary antibiotic use.
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL-Salm from retail meats in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
We tested fish, pork and chicken from two markets for ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Salmonella from September-December 2016, using cefotaxime- and ertapenem-supplemented media, respectively. ESBL-Salm were sequenced and their genomes characterized. We performed plasmid conjugation experiments to assess the co-transferability of ESBL-encoding genes and MDR phenotypes.
Twenty-six of 150 fish and meat samples (17%) were positive for ESBL-Salm, including 10/60 fish (17%), 15/60 pork (25%) and 1/30 chicken (3%). Carbapenemase-producing Salmonella strains were not detected. Pork-origin ESBL-Salm were primarily serotypes Rissen (10/15) or a monophasic variant of Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- (3/15), whereas Saintpaul (3/10) and Newport (4/10) were more common among fish. Most ESBL enzymes were encoded by blaCTX-M-55 genes (24/26) harboured on conjugative IncA/C2 (n = 14) or IncHI2 (n = 10) plasmids. Resistance to up to six additional drug classes was co-transferred by each plasmid type. ESBL-Salm were resistant to almost every antibiotic recommended for severe salmonellosis treatment.
CTX-M-55-type S. enterica are highly prevalent among pork and fish from Phnom Penh markets and their spread appears to be mediated by MDR IncA/C2 and IncHI2 plasmids. Food safety must be improved and veterinary antibiotic use should be regulated to protect public health.
沙门氏菌是导致人类肠胃炎的主要原因。在欧洲和北美，产生 ESBL 的沙门氏菌（ESBL-Salm）菌株仍然很少见，但在食品安全措施较弱且兽医抗生素使用不受监管的国家，动物源性食品中 ESBL-Salm 的流行情况知之甚少。
检测柬埔寨金边零售肉类中 ESBL-Salm 的流行情况和特征。
我们于 2016 年 9 月至 12 月，使用头孢他啶和厄他培南补充培养基，分别从两个市场检测鱼、猪肉和鸡肉中的产 ESBL 和碳青霉烯酶沙门氏菌。对 ESBL-Salm 进行测序并对其基因组进行特征分析。我们进行了质粒接合实验，以评估 ESBL 编码基因和 MDR 表型的共转移能力。
150 份鱼和肉类样本中有 26 份（17%）为 ESBL-Salm 阳性，包括 60 份鱼中有 10 份（17%），60 份猪肉中有 15 份（25%），30 份鸡肉中有 1 份（3%）。未检测到产碳青霉烯酶的沙门氏菌菌株。猪肉来源的 ESBL-Salm 主要血清型为 Rissen（15/15）或鼠伤寒菌 4,5,12:i:-的单相变体（3/15），而鱼类中则更为常见的是 Saintpaul（3/10）和 Newport（4/10）。26 株 ESBL 酶中有 24 株（26/26）由 blaCTX-M-55 基因编码，位于可接合的 IncA/C2（n=14）或 IncHI2（n=10）质粒上。每种质粒类型都可同时转移对多达六种其他药物类别的耐药性。ESBL-Salm 对几乎所有推荐用于严重沙门氏菌病治疗的抗生素均具有耐药性。
CTX-M-55 型沙门氏菌在金边市场的猪肉和鱼类中高度流行，其传播似乎是由 MDR IncA/C2 和 IncHI2 质粒介导的。为了保护公众健康，必须提高食品安全水平并规范兽医抗生素的使用。
