San Shwe Phue, Chea Rortana, Grace Delia, Roesel Kristina, Tum Sothyra, Young Stephen, Charaslertrangsi Tumnoon, Zand Nazanin, Thombathu Shetty Seetharama, Thorng Ra, Kong Leab, Fidero Kuok, Nicolaides Linda
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Medway ME4 4TB, UK.
National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 120603, Cambodia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 3;21(12):1621. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21121621.
Biological hazards in products of animal origin pose a significant threat to human health. In Cambodia, there are few comprehensive data and information on the causes of foodborne diseases or risks. To date, there has been no known published study similar to this review. This systematic review is aimed to investigate the prevalence of biological hazards and their indicators in products of animal origin from 2000 to 2022. The main objective of this study was also to contribute to strengthening Cambodia's food control system. This review followed the established "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, 46 studies were retained for complete review. Most studies ( = 40) had been conducted by or with external researchers, reflecting the under-resourcing of the National Food Control System in terms of surveillance; areas outside the capital were relatively understudied, reflecting evidence found in Ethiopia and Burkina Faso. Five categories of hazards were reported with the highest number of studies on fish parasites. Marketed fish, often originating from different countries, had a higher mean value of parasite prevalence (58.85%) than wild-caught fish (16.46%). Viral pathogens in bat meat presented a potential spillover risk. Many potentially important hazards had not yet been studied or reported (e.g., Norovirus, , toxin-producing , and ). The findings of our review highlighted significant urgencies for national competent authorities to enhance food hygiene practices along the production chain, tackle import control, and enforce the implementation of a traceability system, alongside more research collaboration with neighboring countries and key trading partners. It is crucial to conduct more extensive research on food safety risk analysis, focusing on the identification and understanding of various biological hazards and their associated risk factors in food.
动物源性产品中的生物危害对人类健康构成重大威胁。在柬埔寨，关于食源性疾病病因或风险的全面数据和信息很少。迄今为止，尚无已知的已发表研究与本综述类似。本系统综述旨在调查2000年至2022年动物源性产品中生物危害及其指标的流行情况。本研究的主要目的还在于为加强柬埔寨的食品控制系统做出贡献。本综述遵循既定的“系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目”（PRISMA）指南。总共保留了46项研究进行全面审查。大多数研究（n = 40）是由外部研究人员进行或与外部研究人员合作进行的，这反映出国家食品控制系统在监测方面资源不足；首都以外地区的研究相对较少，这与在埃塞俄比亚和布基纳法索发现的证据一致。报告了五类危害，其中关于鱼类寄生虫的研究数量最多。上市鱼类通常来自不同国家，其寄生虫感染率的平均值（58.85%）高于野生捕捞鱼类（16.46%）。蝙蝠肉中的病毒病原体存在潜在的溢出风险。许多潜在的重要危害尚未得到研究或报告（例如，诺如病毒、 、产毒素的 和 ）。我们综述的结果突出表明，国家主管当局迫切需要加强生产链上的食品卫生做法、解决进口控制问题并强制实施可追溯系统，同时加强与邻国和主要贸易伙伴的更多研究合作。对食品安全风险分析进行更广泛的研究至关重要，重点是识别和了解食品中的各种生物危害及其相关风险因素。
