Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, UK.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020 Apr 16;75(5):937-952. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gby128.
Substantial research is dedicated to understanding the aging-related dynamics among individual differences in level, change, and variation across physical and cognitive abilities. Evaluating replicability and synthesizing findings has been limited by differences in measurements, samples, study design, and statistical analyses that confound between-person differences with within-person changes. Here, we systematically reviewed longitudinal results on the aging-related dynamics linking pulmonary function and cognitive performance.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to systematically review longitudinal studies of pulmonary function and cognition.
Only four studies thoroughly investigating cognitive and pulmonary longitudinal associations (three or more measurement occasions) were identified. Expanded review criteria identified three studies reporting two measurement occasions, and seven studies reporting one measurement of pulmonary function or cognition and two or more measurements of the other. We identified numerous methodological quality and risk for bias issues across studies.
Despite documented correlational associations between pulmonary function and cognition, these results show there is very limited research thoroughly investigating their longitudinal associations. This highlights the need for longitudinal data, rigorous methodological design including key covariates, and clear communication of methods and analyses to facilitate replication across an array of samples. We recommend systematic study of outcome measures and covariates, inclusion of multiple measures (e.g., peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and forced vital capacity), as well as application of the same analytic approach across multiple datasets.
大量研究致力于理解个体在身体和认知能力的水平、变化和变化方面的差异与衰老相关的动态。评估可重复性和综合研究结果受到测量、样本、研究设计和统计分析差异的限制，这些差异混淆了个体间差异和个体内变化。在这里，我们系统地回顾了与肺功能和认知表现相关的衰老相关动态的纵向研究结果。
采用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南对肺功能和认知的纵向研究进行了系统评价。
仅确定了四项彻底研究肺功能和认知纵向关联的研究（三个或更多测量时间点）。扩展的审查标准确定了三项报告两个测量时间点的研究，以及七项报告一个肺功能或认知测量点和两个或更多其他测量点的研究。我们在研究中发现了许多方法学质量和偏倚风险问题。
尽管肺功能和认知之间存在有文献记载的相关性，但这些结果表明，很少有研究彻底调查它们的纵向关联。这凸显了对纵向数据的需求，包括关键协变量的严格方法学设计，以及对各种样本进行复制的方法和分析的清晰沟通。我们建议对结果测量和协变量进行系统研究，包括多个测量点（例如，呼气峰流速、一秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量），并在多个数据集上应用相同的分析方法。
