Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Sleep Med. 2019 Jan;53:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.028. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
To examine the prevalence and correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among Hong Kong children and adolescents. We investigated the potential roles of sex and puberty in modulating the occurrence of EDS.
A total of 10,086 students (male, 48.1%) aged 6-18 (mean ± SD: 12.3 ± 3.2) years old participated in this cross-sectional survey. EDS was defined by a total score >18 on the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale. Sociodemographic characteristics, time in bed, chronotypes, sleep problems, emotional and behavioral difficulties, mental health, and pubertal stages were assessed.
The overall prevalence of EDS was 29.2%, and increased from 19.8% at Tanner stage 1 (pre-puberty) to 47.2% at Tanner stage 5 (post-puberty). Female predominance emerged at Tanner stage 3 (mid-puberty). EDS was significantly associated with short weekday time in bed, both long and short weekend time in bed, eveningness chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and sleep-disordered breathing symptoms. Females were more likely to have short weekday time in bed and eveningness chronotype than males. Children and young adolescents at pre and mid-puberty were protected against EDS by morningness chronotype. EDS was independently associated with daytime napping, alcohol and energy beverage consumption, emotional and behavioral difficulties, as well as poor mental health even after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
EDS is prevalent among children and adolescents with the emergence of female preponderance at mid-puberty and independent association with pervasive adverse emotional and behavioral problems. The mechanisms underlying the modulation effects of sex and puberty on EDS merit further investigation.
研究香港儿童和青少年日间嗜睡（EDS）的患病率和相关因素。我们调查了性别和青春期在调节 EDS 发生中的潜在作用。
共有 10086 名 6-18 岁（平均年龄 ± 标准差：12.3 ± 3.2 岁）的学生参与了这项横断面调查。EDS 定义为儿童日间嗜睡量表的总分为 >18。评估了社会人口统计学特征、睡眠时间、睡眠类型、睡眠问题、情绪和行为困难、心理健康和青春期阶段。
EDS 的总体患病率为 29.2%，从青春期前（Tanner 1 期）的 19.8%增加到青春期后（Tanner 5 期）的 47.2%。女性在青春期中期（Tanner 3 期）占主导地位。EDS 与工作日睡眠时间短、周末睡眠时间长和短、晚型睡眠类型、失眠症状和睡眠呼吸障碍症状显著相关。与男性相比，女性更有可能工作日睡眠时间短和晚型睡眠类型。处于青春期前和青春期中期的儿童和青少年通过早型睡眠类型免受 EDS 影响。EDS 与白天小睡、饮酒和能量饮料消费、情绪和行为困难以及心理健康状况差独立相关，即使在调整了潜在的混杂因素后也是如此。
EDS 在儿童和青少年中很常见，青春期中期女性占主导地位，并且与普遍存在的情绪和行为问题独立相关。性别和青春期对 EDS 的调节作用的机制值得进一步研究。
