Evanger Linn Nyjordet, Pallesen Ståle, Saxvig Ingvild West, Hysing Mari, Sivertsen Børge, Lie Stein Atle, Gradisar Michael, Bjorvatn Bjørn
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Aug;34(4):e14430. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14430. Epub 2024 Dec 11.
This study explored the prospective associations between sleep patterns, mental health and registry-based school grades among older adolescents. In the spring of 2019, 1st year high-school students in Western Norway were invited to a survey assessing habitual sleep duration, insomnia, depression and anxiety. Sleep patterns, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Bergen Insomnia Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Students consenting to data linkage with the county school authorities were re-invited 2 years later. Registry-based grade point averages for each of the included school years were accessed through the school authorities. The final longitudinal sample included 1092 students (65.1% girls; initial mean age 16.4 years). Data were analysed using linear mixed models. Longer school night sleep duration and less severe symptoms of insomnia, depression and anxiety were all associated with higher grade point averages at baseline in crude analyses. Shorter school night sleep duration, as well as more severe symptoms of insomnia and depression at baseline, all predicted worse grade point averages at 2-year follow-up when controlled for baseline grade point averages. [Correction added on 30 December 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the word "better" has been corrected to "worse".] By contrast, anxiety symptomatology at baseline was unrelated to changes in grade point averages over time. The longitudinal associations between school night sleep duration and insomnia symptoms on grade point averages were significant also when adjusted for sex and baseline symptoms of depression and anxiety. These findings indicate that shorter school night sleep duration and more severe insomnia symptoms predict lower grade point averages development over time, irrespective of co-existing symptoms of depression and anxiety.
本研究探讨了年龄较大的青少年的睡眠模式、心理健康与基于登记的学校成绩之间的前瞻性关联。2019年春季，挪威西部的高一学生被邀请参加一项调查，评估习惯性睡眠时间、失眠、抑郁和焦虑情况。使用慕尼黑时间类型问卷、卑尔根失眠量表、患者健康问卷-9和广泛性焦虑障碍量表-7来评估睡眠模式、抑郁和焦虑。同意与县学校当局进行数据关联的学生在两年后被再次邀请。通过学校当局获取每个纳入学年基于登记的平均绩点。最终的纵向样本包括1092名学生（65.1%为女生；初始平均年龄16.4岁）。使用线性混合模型对数据进行分析。在粗分析中，较长的上学日夜间睡眠时间以及较轻的失眠、抑郁和焦虑症状均与基线时较高的平均绩点相关。在校正了基线平均绩点后，较短的上学日夜间睡眠时间以及基线时更严重的失眠和抑郁症状，均预测在2年随访时平均绩点更差。[2024年12月30日首次在线发表后添加的更正：在前一句中，“更好”一词已更正为“更差”。]相比之下，基线时的焦虑症状与平均绩点随时间的变化无关。在校正了性别以及抑郁和焦虑的基线症状后，上学日夜间睡眠时间与失眠症状之间对平均绩点的纵向关联也很显著。这些发现表明，较短的上学日夜间睡眠时间和更严重的失眠症状预示着随着时间推移平均绩点的发展较低，而与同时存在的抑郁和焦虑症状无关。
