School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 2;13(11):e0205116. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205116. eCollection 2018.
The Ganjiang River has abundant fish resources, which plays a significant role in maintaining and replenishing the fish resources in Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River, and contains important habitat for migratory fish. However, fish diversity has rapidly declined in the Ganjiang River, especially migratory fish. In this study, 107 fish species (including 43 Chinese endemic species) were found in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River. However, only 91 fish species were found in the main channel of the Ganjiang River, which was lower than the 108 fish species historically found there. According to the Chinese Red List, 85 Least Concern, two Critically Endangered, three Vulnerable, one Near Threatened and 16 Data Deficient fish species were found in the Ganjiang River. In addition, the species number, diversity and CPUE in the channel were all greater than in the reservoir. The Bray-Curtis resemblance matrix and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that the habitats of the Ganjiang River were divided into three areas. The analysis of RDA showed that turbidity, dissolved oxygen and water depth significantly affected fish distributions and assemblage composition. These results indicated that dam construction and other human activities have seriously destroyed the fish habitat and led to the decline in fish diversity. Therefore, the conservation of fish has become urgent in the Ganjiang River, and an integrated management plan should be developed and effectively implemented.
赣江拥有丰富的鱼类资源，对鄱阳湖和长江的鱼类资源维持和补充起着重要作用，并且是洄游鱼类的重要栖息地。然而，赣江的鱼类多样性迅速下降，特别是洄游鱼类。本研究在赣江中下游发现了 107 种鱼类（包括 43 种中国特有种），而赣江干流仅发现了 91 种鱼类，低于历史上的 108 种。根据中国红色名录，赣江有 85 种属于最不关心的类别，两种属于极危，三种属于脆弱，一种属于近危，16 种属于数据缺乏。此外，通道中的物种数量、多样性和 CPUE 均大于水库。Bray-Curtis 相似性矩阵和非度量多维尺度（NMDS）显示，赣江的栖息地分为三个区域。RDA 分析表明，浊度、溶解氧和水深显著影响鱼类的分布和组合组成。这些结果表明，大坝建设和其他人类活动严重破坏了鱼类栖息地，导致鱼类多样性下降。因此，赣江的鱼类保护已经变得紧迫，应该制定并有效实施综合管理计划。
