Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
Chemosphere. 2019 Feb;216:472-478. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.090. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Bisphenol A diglycidy ether (BADGE) and its derivatives are epoxy resins and widely used as emerging plasticizers in food packages and material coating. Though known as endocrine disruptors, little information is available on their occurrence, exposure routes and toxicity. Besides, the analysis of BADGE and its derivatives has always been a challenge due to their reactive chemical properties and the background contamination. Therefore, we firstly developed a novel water-free method to analyze BADGE and its derivatives in dust samples together with other two typical plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In order to investigate the levels in paired dust and urine samples, 33 paired samples were collected from Singapore. In both dust and urine samples, the predominant compounds were BPA, BADGE-2HO and BPS. A significantly positive correlation of BPA levels in paired dust and urine samples was observed in this small-scale study. To tentatively explore the human health effect from exposure to these bisphenol plasticizers, we assessed the correlation between the urinary concentrations of these compounds and oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress biomarker. The result showed that 8-OHdG levels in urine samples was positively correlated with urinary BPA level and body mass index (BMI), suggesting that elevated oxidative stress might be associated with BPA exposure and obesity. In the future, a larger scale study is warranted due to the limited sample size in this study.
双酚 A 二缩水甘油醚（BADGE）及其衍生物是环氧树脂，广泛用作食品包装和材料涂层中的新兴增塑剂。尽管它们被认为是内分泌干扰物，但关于它们的存在、暴露途径和毒性的信息很少。此外，由于 BADGE 及其衍生物具有反应性化学性质和背景污染，因此对其进行分析一直是一个挑战。因此，我们首先开发了一种新的无水方法来分析粉尘样品中的 BADGE 及其衍生物，以及其他两种典型的增塑剂双酚 A（BPA）和双酚 S（BPS）。为了研究配对的粉尘和尿液样本中的水平，我们从新加坡收集了 33 对配对样本。在粉尘和尿液样本中，主要化合物是 BPA、BADGE-2HO 和 BPS。在这项小规模研究中，观察到配对粉尘和尿液样本中 BPA 水平呈显著正相关。为了初步探讨接触这些双酚类增塑剂对人类健康的影响，我们评估了这些化合物在尿液中的浓度与氧化应激生物标志物 8-氧-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）之间的相关性。结果表明，尿液样本中的 8-OHdG 水平与尿液中的 BPA 水平和体重指数（BMI）呈正相关，表明氧化应激水平升高可能与 BPA 暴露和肥胖有关。由于本研究样本量有限，未来需要进行更大规模的研究。
