Dara Surendra K, Peck David, Murray Dave
University of California Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA.
Manzanita Berry Farms, Santa Maria, CA 93456, USA.
Insects. 2018 Nov 1;9(4):156. doi: 10.3390/insects9040156.
California strawberries have two major arthropod pests-the twospotted spider mite, and the western tarnished plant bug, , which result in significant losses to the yield and quality of marketable berries. Other important insect pests that are frequently seen in strawberry include the greenhouse whitefly, and the western flower thrips, that cause varying levels of damage depending on the level of infestation. Chemical pesticides play a major role in managing these pests but not without the associated risk of pesticide resistance and environmental safety. Two field studies were conducted in commercial strawberry fields in Santa Maria, one of the strawberry growing areas in California Central Coast, to determine the efficacy of chemical, botanical and microbial pesticides in the integrated pest management (IPM) of strawberry. Chemical, botanical and microbial pesticides were evaluated against in a small plot study in 2013 and against and other insect pests in a large plot study in 2015 in commercial strawberry fields. Bug vacuums were also used in the 2015 study. Results demonstrated that non-chemical alternatives can play an important role in strawberry IPM.
加利福尼亚草莓有两种主要的节肢动物害虫——二斑叶螨和西花蓟马,它们会给适销草莓的产量和品质造成重大损失。草莓中常见的其他重要害虫包括温室白粉虱和西花蓟马,它们造成的损害程度因虫害水平而异。化学农药在防治这些害虫方面发挥着主要作用,但同时也存在产生抗药性和环境安全方面的相关风险。在加利福尼亚中央海岸的草莓种植区之一圣玛丽亚的商业草莓田进行了两项田间研究,以确定化学、植物源和微生物农药在草莓综合虫害管理(IPM)中的效果。2013年在一个小地块研究中评估了化学、植物源和微生物农药对二斑叶螨的防治效果,2015年在商业草莓田的一个大地块研究中评估了它们对西花蓟马和其他害虫的防治效果。2015年的研究中还使用了吸虫器。结果表明,非化学替代品在草莓IPM中可以发挥重要作用。