南非迪克盖尔健康和人口监测系统研究点的性别与体重指数决定因素。
Determinants of body mass index by gender in the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System site, South Africa.
机构信息
a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Limpopo , Polokwane , South Africa.
b Faculty of Humanities , University of Limpopo , Polokwane , South Africa.
出版信息
Glob Health Action. 2018;11(sup2):1537613. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1537613.
BACKGROUND
The study was conducted in the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System (DHDSS) site where we have observed increasing obesity levels, particularly in women, despite evidence of high physical activity (PA) and a relatively low daily energy intake.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic, behavioural and biological determinants of body mass index (BMI) in adult residents permanently residing in the DHDSS.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which socio-demographic, behavioural and biological characteristics from 1143 participants (aged 40-60 years) were collected using a paper questionnaire and standard anthropometric measures. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was performed on all participants except those who indicated that they had tested positive. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, respectively, while hierarchical multivariate regression was used to analyze predictors of BMI.
RESULTS
The median age of women and men was 51 (46-56) and 50 (45-55) years, respectively. The prevalence of overweight-obesity was 76% in women and 21% in men. A significant negative association of BMI with HIV and smoking and a significant positive association with socio-economic status (SES) was observed in both sexes. In women, BMI was negatively associated with sleep duration (p = 0.015) and age (p = 0.012), but positively associated with sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (p = 0.08). In men, BMI was negatively associated with alcohol use (p = 0.016) and positively associated with being married (p < 0.001). PA was not associated with BMI in either sexes. Full models explained 9.2% and 20% of the variance in BMI in women and men, respectively.
CONCLUSION
BMI in DHDSS adults is not associated with physical inactivity but is associated wealth, marital status, sleep, smoking, alcohol use, and HIV status. Future studies should explore the contribution of nutrition, stunting, psycho-social and genetic factors to overweight and obesity in DHDSS.
背景
本研究在 Dikgale 健康和人口监测系统（DHDSS）进行，我们观察到肥胖水平不断上升，尤其是女性，但同时有证据表明她们的体力活动（PA）水平较高，且每日能量摄入相对较低。
目的
本研究旨在评估在 DHDSS 长期居住的成年居民的体重指数（BMI）的社会人口学、行为和生物学决定因素。
方法
进行了一项横断面研究，使用纸质问卷和标准人体测量学方法收集了 1143 名参与者（年龄 40-60 岁）的社会人口学、行为和生物学特征。除了那些表示已经检测呈阳性的参与者外，所有参与者都进行了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）检测。使用卡方检验和曼-惠特尼检验分别分析分类变量和连续变量，而分层多元回归用于分析 BMI 的预测因素。
结果
女性和男性的中位年龄分别为 51（46-56）和 50（45-55）岁。超重肥胖的患病率在女性中为 76%，在男性中为 21%。在男女两性中，BMI 与 HIV 和吸烟呈显著负相关，与社会经济地位（SES）呈显著正相关。在女性中，BMI 与睡眠时长（p=0.015）和年龄（p=0.012）呈负相关，但与含糖饮料（SSBs）（p=0.08）呈正相关。在男性中，BMI 与饮酒（p=0.016）呈负相关，与已婚（p<0.001）呈正相关。PA 与两性的 BMI 无关。在女性和男性中，完整模型分别解释了 BMI 方差的 9.2%和 20%。
结论
DHDSS 成年人的 BMI 与体力活动不足无关，但与财富、婚姻状况、睡眠、吸烟、饮酒和 HIV 状况有关。未来的研究应探讨营养、发育迟缓、心理社会和遗传因素对 DHDSS 超重和肥胖的贡献。
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