Wiklund Petri
Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland.
J Sport Health Sci. 2016 Jun;5(2):151-154. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 8.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity (PA). Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent decline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.
在过去三十年中，超重和肥胖的患病率急剧上升，给公众健康带来了毁灭性后果。推荐的减少肥胖的策略集中在更健康的饮食和身体活动（PA）上。显然，这些方法并不成功，但这是由于未能限制能量摄入还是未能维持高水平的能量消耗一直是一个极具争议的话题。因此，关于PA和运动在肥胖及体重管理中的作用存在很多困惑。在本文中，对将PA和能量消耗减少视为肥胖原因的理论基础进行了评估。此外，还研究了PA在食物摄入和体重控制中的作用。肥胖是由每日能量消耗持续下降引起的这一观点，无论是从能量消耗的客观测量还是仅从体重增加的生理理论来看，都得不到支持。然而，由于自愿运动是每日总能量消耗中最重要的可自由支配部分，它会影响能量平衡。因此，PA和运动作为解决当前肥胖流行问题的一部分具有潜力。
