Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zürich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2019 Jul;1866(7):1197-1206. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.015. Epub 2018 Oct 28.
S100 proteins are members of the superfamily of Ca-binding proteins characterized by the specific Ca-binding motif, the EF-hand. Proteins of this superfamily are of clinical use as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in adult and pediatric Laboratory Medicine. For example, measurements of troponin are nowadays the 'gold standard' in the diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Parvalbumins were identified as major fish allergens and blocking antibodies, induced by immunization with a hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant, were shown to reduce allergic symptoms. Mutations in calmodulin are linked to inherited ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias. S100 proteins, the largest sub-group within the EF-hand protein family, are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancer, inflammation and autoimmune pathologies and brain diseases. The intention of this review is to focus on the clinical use of S100 proteins as biomarkers and potential drug targets helping to improve the diagnosis of these human diseases in children and adults leading to more selective therapeutic interventions.
S100 蛋白是钙结合蛋白超家族的成员，其特征是具有特定的钙结合模体，即 EF 手。该超家族的蛋白在成人和儿科检验科中作为重要的诊断和预后生物标志物具有临床应用价值。例如，肌钙蛋白的测量如今已成为急性冠状动脉综合征患者诊断的“金标准”。副肌球蛋白被鉴定为主要的鱼类过敏原，用低变应原性副肌球蛋白突变体免疫诱导产生的阻断抗体被证明可以减轻过敏症状。钙调蛋白的突变与遗传性室性心动过速和心律失常有关。S100 蛋白是 EF 手蛋白家族中最大的亚群，与心血管疾病、各种类型的癌症、炎症和自身免疫性疾病以及脑部疾病密切相关。本综述的目的是重点关注 S100 蛋白作为生物标志物的临床应用以及作为潜在药物靶点的潜力，这有助于改善儿童和成人这些人类疾病的诊断，从而实现更有针对性的治疗干预。
