Afzal Muhammad Javaid, Ashraf Muhammad Waseem, Tayyaba Shahzadi, Hossain M Khalid, Afzulpurkar Nitin
Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Physics (Electronics), GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Micromachines (Basel). 2018 Jan 31;9(2):59. doi: 10.3390/mi9020059.
Approximately 26% of adult people, mostly females, are affected by varicose veins in old age. It is a common reason for distress, loss of efficiency, and worsening living conditions. Several traditional treatment techniques (sclerotherapy and foam sclerotherapy of large veins, laser surgeries and radiofrequency ablation, vein ligation and stripping, ambulatory phlebectomy, and endoscopic vein surgery) have failed to handle this disease effectively. Herein, authors have presented an alternative varicose vein implant method-the descending sinusoidal microchannel (DSMC). DSMC was simulated by Fuzzy logic MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and ANSYS (ANSYS 18.2, perpetual license purchased by Ibadat Education Trust, The University of Lahore, Pakistan) with real and actual conditions. After simulations of DSMC, fabrication and testing were performed. The silver DSMC was manufactured by utilizing a micromachining procedure. The length, width, and depth of the silver substrate were 51 mm, 25 mm, and 1.1 mm, respectively. The measurements of the DSMC channel in the silver wafer substrate were 0.9 mm in width and 0.9 mm in depth. The three descending curves of the DSMC were 7 mm, 6 mm, and 5 mm in height. For pressure, actual conditions were carefully taken as 1.0 kPa to 1.5 kPa for varicose veins. For velocity, actual conditions were carefully taken as 0.02 m/s to 0.07 m/s for these veins. These are real and standard values used in simulations and experiments. At Reynolds number 323, the flow rate and velocity were determined as 1001.0 (0.1 nL/s), 11.4 cm/s and 1015.3 (0.1 nL/s), 12.19 cm/s by MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and ANSYS simulations, respectively. The flow rate and velocity were determined to be 995.3 (0.1 nL/s) and 12.2 cm/s, respectively, at the same Reynolds number (323) in the experiment. Moreover, the Dean number was also calculated to observe Dean vortices. All simulated and experimental results were in close agreement. Consequently, DSMC can be implanted in varicose veins as a new treatment to preserve excellent blood flow in human legs from the original place to avoid tissue damage and other problems.
大约26%的成年人，主要是女性，在老年时会受到静脉曲张的影响。这是导致痛苦、效率下降和生活条件恶化的常见原因。几种传统治疗技术（大静脉的硬化疗法和泡沫硬化疗法、激光手术和射频消融、静脉结扎和剥脱术、门诊静脉切除术以及内镜静脉手术）都未能有效治疗这种疾病。在此，作者提出了一种替代性的静脉曲张植入方法——下行正弦微通道（DSMC）。DSMC通过模糊逻辑MATLAB（美国马萨诸塞州纳蒂克市的MathWorks公司）和ANSYS（ANSYS 18.2，由巴基斯坦拉合尔大学的伊巴达特教育信托基金购买的永久许可证）在真实和实际条件下进行模拟。对DSMC进行模拟后，进行了制造和测试。银色的DSMC是利用微加工工艺制造的。银色基板的长度、宽度和深度分别为51毫米、25毫米和1.1毫米。银色晶圆基板中DSMC通道的测量宽度为0.9毫米，深度为0.9毫米。DSMC的三条下降曲线高度分别为7毫米、6毫米和5毫米。对于压力，仔细选取静脉曲张的实际条件为1.0千帕至1.5千帕。对于流速，仔细选取这些静脉的实际条件为0.02米/秒至0.07米/秒。这些是模拟和实验中使用的真实标准值。在雷诺数为323时，通过MATLAB（美国马萨诸塞州纳蒂克市的MathWorks公司）和ANSYS模拟分别确定流速和速度为1001.0（0.1纳升/秒）、11.4厘米/秒和1015.3（0.1纳升/秒）、12.19厘米/秒。在相同雷诺数（323）的实验中，流速和速度分别确定为995.3（0.1纳升/秒）和12.2厘米/秒。此外，还计算了迪恩数以观察迪恩涡。所有模拟和实验结果都非常吻合。因此，DSMC可以作为一种新的治疗方法植入静脉曲张，以保持人体腿部从原位置起的良好血流，避免组织损伤和其他问题。
