Bi Chenghao, Guix Maria, Johnson Benjamin V, Jing Wuming, Cappelleri David J
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA.
A. Leon Linton Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI 48075-1058, USA.
Micromachines (Basel). 2018 Feb 3;9(2):68. doi: 10.3390/mi9020068.
This paper presents several variations of a microscale magnetic tumbling ( μ TUM) robot capable of traversing complex terrains in dry and wet environments. The robot is fabricated by photolithography techniques and consists of a polymeric body with two sections with embedded magnetic particles aligned at the ends and a middle nonmagnetic bridge section. The robot's footprint dimensions are 400 μ m × 800 μ m. Different end geometries are used to test the optimal conditions for low adhesion and increased dynamic response to an actuating external rotating magnetic field. When subjected to a magnetic field as low as 7 mT in dry conditions, this magnetic microrobot is able to operate with a tumbling locomotion mode and translate with speeds of over 60 body lengths/s (48 mm/s) in dry environments and up to 17 body lengths/s (13.6 mm/s) in wet environments. Two different tumbling modes were observed and depend on the alignment of the magnetic particles. A technique was devised to measure the magnetic particle alignment angle relative to the robot's geometry. Rotational frequency limits were observed experimentally, becoming more prohibitive as environment viscosity increases. The μ TUM's performance was studied when traversing inclined planes (up to 60°), showing promising climbing capabilities in both dry and wet conditions. Maximum open loop straight-line trajectory errors of less than 4% and 2% of the traversal distance in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, for the μ TUM were observed. Full directional control of μ TUM was demonstrated through the traversal of a P-shaped trajectory. Additionally, successful locomotion of the optimized μ TUM design over complex terrains was also achieved. By implementing machine vision control and/or embedding of payloads in the middle section of the robot, it is possible in the future to upgrade the current design with computer-optimized mobility through multiple environments and the ability to perform drug delivery tasks for biomedical applications.
本文介绍了一种微尺度磁翻滚(μTUM)机器人的几种变体,该机器人能够在干燥和潮湿环境中穿越复杂地形。该机器人采用光刻技术制造,由一个聚合物主体组成,主体有两个部分,两端嵌入有对齐的磁性颗粒,中间是一个非磁性桥接部分。机器人的占地面积尺寸为400μm×800μm。采用不同的端部几何形状来测试低附着力和提高对外部旋转磁场驱动的动态响应的最佳条件。在干燥条件下,当受到低至7mT的磁场作用时,这种磁性微型机器人能够以翻滚运动模式运行,在干燥环境中的平移速度超过60倍体长/秒(48毫米/秒),在潮湿环境中高达17倍体长/秒(13.6毫米/秒)。观察到两种不同的翻滚模式,这取决于磁性颗粒的排列方式。设计了一种技术来测量磁性颗粒相对于机器人几何形状的排列角度。通过实验观察到了旋转频率限制,随着环境粘度的增加,这种限制变得更加严格。研究了μTUM在穿越倾斜平面(高达60°)时的性能,结果表明在干燥和潮湿条件下都具有良好的攀爬能力。观察到μTUM在垂直和水平方向上的最大开环直线轨迹误差分别小于穿越距离的4%和2%。通过P形轨迹的穿越展示了μTUM的全向控制。此外,优化后的μTUM设计在复杂地形上也成功实现了运动。通过实施机器视觉控制和/或将有效载荷嵌入机器人的中间部分,未来有可能通过计算机优化的多环境移动性以及执行生物医学应用中的药物输送任务的能力来升级当前设计。
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