Tahir Muhammad, Heinrich Gert, Mahmood Nasir, Boldt Regine, Wießner Sven, Stöckelhuber Klaus Werner
Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 7, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Nov 2;11(11):2175. doi: 10.3390/ma11112175.
Specific physical and reactive compatibilization strategies are applied to enhance the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of heterogeneous polymer blends. Another pertinent challenge is the need of energy-intensive blending methods to blend high-tech polymers such as the blending of a pre-made hard polyurethane (-urea) with rubbers. We developed and investigated a reactive blending method to prepare the outstanding blends based on polyurethane-urea and rubbers at a low blending temperature and without any interfacial compatibilizing agent. In this study, the polyurethane-urea (PUU) was synthesized via the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate end-capped prepolymer and m-phenylene diamine based precursor route during blending at 100 °C with polar (carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR)) and non-polar (natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (sSBR), and ethylene propylene butadiene rubber (EPDM)) rubbers. We found that the in situ PUU reinforces the tensile response at low strain region and the dynamic-mechanical response up to 150 °C in the case of all used rubbers. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a stronger rubber/PUU interface, which promotes an effective stress transfer between the blend phases. Furthermore, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) based elemental carbon map identifies an interphase region along the interface between the nitrile rubber and in situ PUU phases of this exemplary blend type.
采用特定的物理和反应性增容策略来增强多相聚合物共混物的界面粘合力和机械性能。另一个相关的挑战是需要采用高能耗的共混方法来共混高科技聚合物，例如将预制的硬质聚氨酯（-脲）与橡胶进行共混。我们开发并研究了一种反应性共混方法，以在低共混温度下且不使用任何界面增容剂的情况下制备基于聚氨酯-脲和橡胶的优异共混物。在本研究中，聚氨酯-脲（PUU）是在100℃下与极性（羧基丁腈橡胶（XNBR）和氯丁橡胶（CR））和非极性（天然橡胶（NR）、丁苯橡胶（sSBR）和乙丙丁二烯橡胶（EPDM））橡胶共混过程中，通过亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯封端的预聚物和间苯二胺基前体路线合成的。我们发现，原位生成的PUU在所有使用的橡胶中均能增强低应变区域的拉伸响应以及高达150℃的动态力学响应。扫描电子显微镜显示出更强的橡胶/PUU界面，这促进了共混相之间的有效应力传递。此外，基于能量过滤透射电子显微镜（EFTEM）的元素碳图确定了这种示例性共混物类型的丁腈橡胶与原位PUU相之间界面处的一个相间区域。
