Br J Nutr. 2018 Nov;120(10):1149-1158. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518002684.
Energy restriction (ER) has been widely studied as a novel intervention, and its ability to prolong life has been fully demonstrated. For example, ER can significantly extend the lifespans of model flies, worms, rodents and other mammals. The role of ER in renal protection has also been elucidated. In preclinical studies, adjusting total energy intake or consumption of specific nutrients has prophylactic or therapeutic effects on ageing-related kidney disease and acute and chronic kidney injury. Amino acid restriction has gradually attracted attention. ER mimetics have also been studied in depth. The protective mechanisms of ER and ER mimetics for renal injury include increasing AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) levels and autophagy and reducing mammalian target of rapamycin, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the renal protective effect of ER has mostly been investigated in rodent models, and the role of ER in patients cannot be determined due to the lack of large randomised controlled trials. To protect the kidney, the mechanism of ER must be thoroughly researched, and more accurate diet or drug interventions need to be identified.
能量限制（ER）已被广泛研究为一种新的干预措施，其延长寿命的能力已得到充分证实。例如，ER 可以显著延长模型苍蝇、蠕虫、啮齿动物和其他哺乳动物的寿命。ER 在肾脏保护中的作用也已经阐明。在临床前研究中，调整总能量摄入或特定营养素的消耗对与年龄相关的肾脏疾病和急性和慢性肾损伤具有预防或治疗作用。氨基酸限制逐渐引起了关注。ER 模拟物也得到了深入研究。ER 和 ER 模拟物对肾损伤的保护机制包括增加 AMP 激活的蛋白激酶和 Sirt1（Sirt1）水平和自噬，减少哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白、炎症和氧化应激。然而，由于缺乏大规模随机对照试验，ER 的肾脏保护作用主要在啮齿动物模型中进行了研究，不能确定 ER 在患者中的作用。为了保护肾脏，必须彻底研究 ER 的机制，并确定更准确的饮食或药物干预措施。
