De Souza Michelle M, Jewell Andrea D, Grief Samuel N, Vail Belinda A
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Prim Care. 2018 Dec;45(4):705-717. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2018.07.008.
Plastic surgery is a broad field, including maxillofacial surgery, reconstruction after injuries, hand surgery, and skin flaps and grafts, but the most common procedures for women are liposuction and body contouring, breast surgery, and facial cosmetic procedures. Techniques of face and brow lifts, blepharoplasty, and rhinoplasty are discussed as well as botulinum toxin and filler injections, and laser and pulsed light techniques that may delay or eliminate the need for surgery. Comparison of the surgeries for breast reconstruction, reduction, augmentation, and mastopexy is discussed. New surgeries for enhancement of female genitalia are also examined.
整形手术是一个广泛的领域,包括颌面外科、创伤后重建、手部手术以及皮瓣和移植手术,但女性最常见的手术是抽脂和身体塑形、乳房手术以及面部美容手术。文中还讨论了面部和眉部提升、眼睑成形术和隆鼻术等技术,以及肉毒杆菌毒素和填充剂注射,还有可能延迟或消除手术需求的激光和脉冲光技术。文中还讨论了乳房重建、缩小、增大和乳房固定术等手术的比较。还研究了用于增强女性生殖器的新手术。