Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California 94080
Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California 94080.
Genetics. 2018 Nov;210(3):1109-1124. doi: 10.1534/genetics.118.301613.
Human life span is a phenotype that integrates many aspects of health and environment into a single ultimate quantity: the elapsed time between birth and death. Though it is widely believed that long life runs in families for genetic reasons, estimates of life span "heritability" are consistently low (∼15-30%). Here, we used pedigree data from public trees, including hundreds of millions of historical persons, to estimate the heritability of human longevity. Although "nominal heritability" estimates based on correlations among genetic relatives agreed with prior literature, the majority of that correlation was also captured by correlations among nongenetic (in-law) relatives, suggestive of highly assortative mating around life span-influencing factors (genetic and/or environmental). We used structural equation modeling to account for assortative mating, and concluded that the true heritability of human longevity for birth cohorts across the 1800s and early 1900s was well below 10%, and that it has been generally overestimated due to the effect of assortative mating.
人类寿命是一种表型，它将健康和环境的多个方面整合到一个单一的最终数量中：即从出生到死亡的时间。尽管人们普遍认为长寿是由于遗传原因在家庭中遗传的，但寿命“遗传力”的估计一直很低（约为 15-30%）。在这里，我们使用来自公共族谱的数据，包括数亿历史人物，来估计人类长寿的遗传力。尽管基于遗传亲属之间相关性的“名义遗传力”估计与先前的文献一致，但该相关性的大部分也被非遗传（姻亲）亲属之间的相关性所捕获，表明在寿命影响因素（遗传和/或环境）周围存在高度的选择性交配。我们使用结构方程模型来解释选择性交配，并得出结论，19 世纪和 20 世纪初出生的人群的人类长寿的真实遗传力远低于 10%，并且由于选择性交配的影响，它一直被高估。
