School of Health in Social Science, Clinical Psychology, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 May;47(5):825-838. doi: 10.1007/s10802-018-0488-5.
The persistence of elevated subtypes of aggression beginning in childhood have been associated with long-term maladaptive outcomes. Yet it remains unclear to what extent there are clusters of individuals following similar developmental trajectories across forms (i.e., physical and indirect) and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggression. We aimed to identify groups of children with distinct profiles of the joint development of forms and functions of aggression and to identify risk factors for group membership. A sample of 787 children was followed from birth to adolescence. Parent and teacher reports, and standardised assessments were used to measure two forms and two functions of aggressive behaviour, between six and 13 years of age along with preceding child, maternal, and family-level risk-factors. Analyses were conducted using a group-based multi-trajectory modelling approach. Five trajectory groups emerged: non-aggressors, low-stable, moderate-engagers, high-desisting, and high-chronic. Coercive parenting increased membership risk in the moderate-engagers and high-chronic groups. Lower maternal IQ increased membership risk in both high-desisting and high-chronic groups, whereas maternal depression increased membership risk in the high-desisting group only. Never being breastfed increased membership risk in the moderate-engagers group. Boys were at greater risk for belonging to groups displaying elevated aggression. Individuals with chronic aggression problems use all subtypes of aggression. Risk factors suggest that prevention programs should start early in life and target mothers with lower IQ. Strategies to deal with maternal depression and enhance positive parenting while replacing coercive parenting tactics should be highlighted in programming efforts.
从儿童期开始持续存在的攻击性亚型升高与长期适应不良的结果有关。然而，目前尚不清楚在多大程度上存在个体的集群，这些个体在攻击性的形式（即身体和间接）和功能（即积极和消极）方面遵循相似的发展轨迹。我们旨在确定具有不同形式和功能攻击性联合发展特征的儿童群体，并确定群体成员的风险因素。对 787 名儿童进行了从出生到青春期的跟踪研究。在 6 至 13 岁期间，通过父母和教师报告以及标准化评估来测量两种形式和两种功能的攻击性行为，同时还测量了儿童、母亲和家庭层面的先前风险因素。使用基于群组的多轨迹建模方法进行了分析。出现了五个轨迹组：非攻击者、低稳定组、中度参与者、高消退组和高慢性组。强制型教养方式增加了中度参与者和高慢性组的成员风险。母亲的智商较低会增加高消退组和高慢性组的成员风险，而母亲抑郁仅会增加高消退组的成员风险。从未母乳喂养会增加中度参与者组的成员风险。男孩属于具有较高攻击性的群体的风险更高。具有慢性攻击性问题的个体使用所有攻击性亚型。风险因素表明，预防计划应在生命早期开始，并针对智商较低的母亲。在编程工作中，应强调处理母亲抑郁和增强积极教养以及取代强制性教养策略的策略。
