1 Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia.
2 Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2019 Jan;16(1):35-41. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2523. Epub 2018 Nov 7.
The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators and major foodborne pathogens in feces of calves and to identify the factors associated with increased prevalence of resistant bacteria on farms. Altogether, 180 rectal swabs were collected from 18 farms in Latvia. Samples were investigated to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% (74/110) of commensal E. coli, 100% (78/78) Enterococcus faecalis and 96% (22/23) Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at least to one antibiotic. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing E. coli were 11.1% (20/180) with bla, bla, and bla genes identified. Campylobacter jejuni (12.8%, 23/180) and Campylobacter coli (2.8%, 5/180) were the most resistant to tetracycline (61%, 14/23; 100%, 5/5) and fluoroquinolones (61%, 14/23; 100%, 5/5). Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 0.6% (1/180) and S. aureus 1.7% (3/180). All samples were Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica negative. Farm size, bought calves, contact with other calves, and antimicrobial treatment of cows were associated with increased prevalence of resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Despite the low overall usage of antimicrobials in Latvia, the high rates of antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicators and Campylobacter, in addition to the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, highlights the necessity for the prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms in Latvia.
本研究旨在检测拉脱维亚农场犊牛粪便中粪便指示菌和主要食源性致病菌的流行情况和抗菌药物耐药性，并确定与农场耐药菌流行率增加相关的因素。共采集了拉脱维亚 18 个农场的 180 份直肠拭子。对样品进行了检测，以检测大肠杆菌、肠球菌属、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和弯曲菌属的流行情况和抗菌药物耐药性。在所有的共生大肠杆菌中，有 64%（74/110）、100%（78/78）肠球菌属粪肠球菌和 96%（22/23）肠球菌属屎肠球菌对至少一种抗生素具有耐药性。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）/AmpC 的大肠杆菌的流行率为 11.1%（20/180），并鉴定出 blaCTX-M 、blaTEM 和 blaDHA 基因。空肠弯曲菌（12.8%，23/180）和结肠弯曲菌（2.8%，5/180）对四环素（61%，14/23；100%，5/5）和氟喹诺酮类药物（61%，14/23；100%，5/5）的耐药性最强。单核细胞增生李斯特菌的流行率为 0.6%（1/180），金黄色葡萄球菌的流行率为 1.7%（3/180）。所有样本均未检出沙门氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌。农场规模、购买犊牛、与其他犊牛接触以及奶牛的抗菌药物治疗与耐药大肠杆菌和肠球菌属的流行率增加有关。尽管拉脱维亚总体上对抗菌药物的使用量较低，但粪便指示菌和弯曲菌的抗菌药物耐药率较高，以及产 ESBL 的大肠杆菌的高流行率，突显了在拉脱维亚奶牛场谨慎使用抗菌药物的必要性。
