From the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (CMR, GS, MM, JLP); the Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia (CMR, GS, JLP); and Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia (JLP).
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Spring;31(2):112-122. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18010015. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
The overwhelming focus of research on memory following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been on anterograde amnesia, and very little attention has been paid to retrograde amnesia. There is evidence to suggest that retrograde autobiographical memory deficits exist after severe TBI, although there have been no prospective studies of autobiographical memory in a representative sample of moderate to severe cases recruited from hospital admissions.
The purpose of the present study was to report changes in autobiographical memory performance among a group of patients soon after emergence from posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and at the 6-month follow-up compared with a healthy control (HC) group. The authors also examined associations with anterograde memory function and community integration to assist in understanding the functional impact of autobiographical memory deficits and potential underlying mechanisms. The Autobiographical Memory Interview and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were used as measures of retrograde and anterograde memory, respectively, and the Community Integration Questionnaire was used as a measure of functional outcome in the TBI group.
The results demonstrated that both personal semantic and episodic autobiographical memory scores were impaired following emergence from PTA and at the 6-month follow-up. Only subtle differences emerged in change over time in different injury severity groups. Recent retrograde memory function was associated with anterograde memory performance, which supports some degree of overlap in underlying mechanisms.
The findings suggest that autobiographical memory deficits are prevalent following moderate to severe TBI and warrant consideration in rehabilitation.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后记忆研究的重点主要集中在顺行性遗忘，而逆行性遗忘则很少受到关注。有证据表明，严重 TBI 后存在逆行性自传体记忆缺陷，尽管尚未对从医院入院中招募的中度至重度病例的代表性样本进行自传体记忆的前瞻性研究。
本研究的目的是报告一组患者在创伤后遗忘期（PTA）后不久和 6 个月随访时与健康对照组（HC）相比，自传体记忆表现的变化。作者还检查了与顺行记忆功能和社区融入的关联，以帮助理解自传体记忆缺陷的功能影响和潜在的潜在机制。使用自传记忆访谈和 Rey 听觉言语学习测试分别作为逆行和顺行记忆的测量方法，使用社区融入问卷作为 TBI 组的功能结果测量方法。
结果表明，个人语义和情节自传体记忆分数在 PTA 后和 6 个月随访时均受损。不同损伤严重程度组的时间变化中仅出现细微差异。最近的逆行记忆功能与顺行记忆表现相关，这支持潜在机制在一定程度上存在重叠。
这些发现表明，中度至重度 TBI 后普遍存在自传体记忆缺陷，值得在康复中考虑。
