Esopenko Carrie, Levine Brian
Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA.
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Cortex. 2017 Apr;89:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a range of neuropsychological deficits, including attention, memory, and executive functioning attributable to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) with accompanying focal frontal and temporal damage. Although the memory deficit of TBI has been well characterized with laboratory tests, comparatively little research has examined retrograde autobiographical memory (AM) at the chronic phase of TBI, with no prior studies of unselected patients drawn directly from hospital admissions for trauma. Moreover, little is known about the effects of TBI on canonical episodic and non-episodic (e.g., semantic) AM processes. In the present study, we assessed the effects of chronic-phase TBI on AM in patients with focal and DAI spanning the range of TBI severity. Patients and socioeconomic- and age-matched controls were administered the Autobiographical Interview (AI) (Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002) a widely used method for dissociating episodic and semantic elements of AM, along with tests of neuropsychological and functional outcome. Measures of episodic and non-episodic AM were compared with regional brain volumes derived from high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Severe TBI (but not mild or moderate TBI) was associated with reduced recall of episodic autobiographical details and increased recall of non-episodic details relative to healthy comparison participants. There were no significant associations between AM performance and neuropsychological or functional outcome measures. Within the full TBI sample, autobiographical episodic memory was associated with reduced volume distributed across temporal, parietal, and prefrontal regions considered to be part of the brain's AM network. These results suggest that TBI-related distributed volume loss affects episodic autobiographical recollection.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）与一系列神经心理缺陷相关，包括注意力、记忆力和执行功能，这些缺陷归因于弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）以及伴随的额叶和颞叶局灶性损伤。尽管TBI的记忆缺陷已通过实验室测试得到充分表征，但相对较少的研究在TBI慢性期考察逆行性自传体记忆（AM），此前也没有对直接从创伤住院患者中选取的未经过筛选的患者进行过研究。此外，关于TBI对典型情节性和非情节性（如语义性）AM过程的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们评估了慢性期TBI对不同严重程度的局灶性和DAI患者AM的影响。对患者以及社会经济和年龄匹配的对照组进行了自传体访谈（AI）（Levine、Svoboda、Hay、Winocur和Moscovitch，2002），这是一种广泛用于区分AM情节性和语义性成分的方法，同时还进行了神经心理和功能结局测试。将情节性和非情节性AM的测量结果与通过高分辨率结构磁共振成像（MRI）得出的脑区体积进行比较。与健康对照参与者相比，重度TBI（而非轻度或中度TBI）与情节性自传体细节回忆减少以及非情节性细节回忆增加有关。AM表现与神经心理或功能结局测量之间没有显著关联。在整个TBI样本中，自传体情节记忆与被认为是大脑AM网络一部分的颞叶、顶叶和前额叶区域分布的体积减少有关。这些结果表明，TBI相关的分布式体积损失会影响情节性自传体回忆。
