Murphy Elliot, Benítez-Burraco Antonio
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2018 Oct 23;9:1999. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01999. eCollection 2018.
Language has been argued to arise, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically, from specific patterns of brain wiring. We argue that it can further be shown that core features of language processing emerge from particular phasal and cross-frequency coupling properties of neural oscillations; what has been referred to as the language 'oscillome.' It is expected that basic aspects of the language oscillome result from genetic guidance, what we will here call the language 'oscillogenome,' for which we will put forward a list of candidate genes. We have considered genes for altered brain rhythmicity in conditions involving language deficits: autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, specific language impairment and dyslexia. These selected genes map on to aspects of brain function, particularly on to neurotransmitter function. We stress that caution should be adopted in the construction of any oscillogenome, given the range of potential roles particular localized frequency bands have in cognition. Our aim is to propose a set of genome-to-language linking hypotheses that, given testing, would grant explanatory power to brain rhythms with respect to language processing and evolution.
在个体发育和系统发育过程中，语言被认为源于特定的大脑布线模式。我们认为，进一步可以证明，语言处理的核心特征源于神经振荡的特定相位和跨频率耦合特性；即所谓的语言“振荡组”。预计语言振荡组的基本方面是由基因指导产生的，我们在此将其称为语言“振荡基因组”，为此我们将提出一份候选基因清单。我们考虑了在涉及语言缺陷的情况下大脑节律改变的基因：自闭症谱系障碍、精神分裂症、特定语言障碍和诵读困难。这些选定的基因映射到大脑功能的各个方面，特别是神经递质功能。我们强调，鉴于特定局部频段在认知中的潜在作用范围，在构建任何振荡基因组时都应谨慎。我们的目的是提出一组从基因组到语言的联系假设，经过测试后，这些假设将赋予大脑节律在语言处理和进化方面的解释力。
