The Photoperiod-Insensitive Allele Promotes Earlier Flowering in Dwarf Plants of Bread Wheat.

The gibberellin-responsive dwarfing gene can significantly reduce plant height without changing seedling vigor and substantially increase ear fertility in bread wheat ( L). However, delays heading date and anthesis date, hindering the use of in wheat improvement. To promote early flowering of the dwarf plants, the photoperiod-insensitive allele was introduced through a cross between Jinmai47 () and Karcagi (). The results showed that can rescue the delaying effect of on flowering time and promote earlier flowering by 9.0 days (163.2°Cd) in the dwarf plants by shortening the late reproduction phase. Plant height was reduced by (43.2%) and (10.9%), achieving dwarf plants with higher lodging resistance. Ear fertility, like the grain number per spike, was significantly increased by (21.3%), while it was reduced by (6.5%). However, thousand kernel weight was significantly reduced by (12.9%) but significantly increased by (16.9%). Finally, plant yield was increased by 16.4 and 8.2%, and harvest index was increased by 24.9 and 15.4% in the dwarf lines and tall lines with , respectively. Clearly, there was an additive interaction between and and the introduction of advanced the flowering time and improved the yield traits of dwarf plants, suggesting that the combination of and would be conducive to the successful use of in wheat breeding programs.