Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Nov 19;21(12):1695-1699. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty238.
Tobacco products in the US market are growing in diversity. Little is known about how youth access tobacco products given this current landscape.
Data were drawn from 15- to 17-year-olds from the Wave 1 youth sample of the US nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Past 30-day tobacco users were asked about usual sources of access to 12 different tobacco products, and if they had been refused sale because of their age.
Among 15- to 17-year-olds, social sources ("someone offered" or "asked someone") were the predominant usual source of access for each tobacco product. "Bought by self" was the usual source of access for users of smokeless (excluding snus, 23.2%), cigarillos (21.0%), cigarettes (13.8%), hookah (12.0%), and electronic cigarettes (10.5%). Convenience stores and/or gas stations were the most often selected retail source for all products except hookah. Among youth who attempted purchase, 24.3% were refused sale of cigarettes, 23.9% cigarillos, and 13.8% smokeless tobacco.
Most 15- to 17-year-old tobacco users obtain tobacco products through social sources; however, among those who purchased tobacco, the majority report not being refused sale because of age. At the time of survey, cigarette and cigar sales to under 18 years were prohibited in all 50 states, and electronic cigarettes sales in 47 states and two territories. 2014 Annual Synar Reports signaled increasing trends in retail violations of state and/or district laws prohibiting tobacco product sales to under 18 years. Monitoring illicit youth sales, conducting compliance check inspections, and penalizing violations remain important to reduce youth tobacco access at retail venues.
Access to the spectrum of tobacco products by youth in the United States remains predominantly through social sources. However, of the minority of youth tobacco users in 2014 who purchased tobacco themselves, a few reported being refused sale: Convenience stores and/or gas stations were the most common retail source for tobacco products. The strategies of monitoring illicit youth sales, conducting compliance checks, and penalizing violations remain important to reduce youth tobacco access at retail venues. Limiting sources of youth tobacco access remains an important focus to reduce the burden of tobacco on the public health.
美国市场上的烟草产品种类日益增多。鉴于当前的市场情况，我们对青少年获取烟草产品的途径知之甚少。
数据来自美国具有全国代表性的人口烟草与健康评估（PATH）研究的 15 至 17 岁青少年的第 1 波青年样本。过去 30 天内使用过烟草的青少年被问及他们通常通过哪些渠道获得 12 种不同的烟草产品，如果他们因为年龄原因被拒绝销售。
在 15 至 17 岁的青少年中，社会来源（“有人提供”或“询问某人”）是他们获得每种烟草产品的主要途径。对于非鼻烟型无烟烟草制品（不包括鼻烟）（23.2%）、小雪茄（21.0%）、香烟（13.8%）、水烟（12.0%）和电子烟（10.5%）的使用者，“自行购买”是他们获取这些产品的通常途径。便利店和/或加油站是所有产品的最常选择的零售来源，除了水烟。在尝试购买的青少年中，24.3%的人被拒绝销售香烟，23.9%的人被拒绝销售小雪茄，13.8%的人被拒绝销售非鼻烟型无烟烟草制品。
大多数 15 至 17 岁的烟草使用者通过社会途径获得烟草制品；然而，在那些购买过烟草制品的青少年中，大多数人报告称他们没有因为年龄原因而被拒绝销售。在调查时，美国所有 50 个州都禁止向 18 岁以下的人销售香烟和小雪茄，47 个州和两个地区禁止销售电子烟。2014 年的年度 Synar 报告显示，违反禁止向 18 岁以下的人销售烟草制品的州和/或地区法律的零售违规行为呈上升趋势。监测非法向青少年销售烟草制品的情况、进行合规检查以及处罚违规行为仍然是减少青少年在零售场所获取烟草制品的重要措施。
美国青少年获取各种烟草制品的途径主要还是通过社会来源。然而，在 2014 年，少数自行购买烟草制品的青少年中，有少数人报告称他们被拒绝销售：便利店和/或加油站是最常见的烟草制品零售来源。监测非法向青少年销售烟草制品、进行合规检查和处罚违规行为的策略仍然是减少青少年在零售场所获取烟草制品的重要措施。限制青少年获取烟草制品的途径仍然是减少烟草制品对公众健康危害的一个重要重点。
