语境敏感注意力是通过亲子互动中的言语途径社会化的。

Context-sensitive attention is socialized via a verbal route in the parent-child interaction.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, Münster, Germany.

Institute of Psychology, Free University Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin, Germany.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2018 Nov 8;13(11):e0207113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207113. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

The way humans perceive and attend to visual scenes differs profoundly between individuals. This is most compellingly demonstrated for context-sensitivity, the relative attentional focus on focal objects and background elements of a scene, in cross-cultural comparisons. Differences in context-sensitivity have been reported in verbal accounts (e.g. picture descriptions) and in visual attention (e.g., eye-tracking paradigms). The present study investigates (1) if the way parents verbally guide the attention of their children in visual scenes is associated with differences in children's context-sensitivity and (2) if verbal descriptions of scenes are related to early visual attention (i.e., gaze behavior) in 5-year-old children and their parents. Importantly, the way parents verbally described visual scenes to their children was related to children's context-sensitivity, when describing these scenes themselves. This is, we found a correlation in the number of references made to the object versus the background as well as the number of relations made between different elements of a scene. Furthermore, verbal descriptions were closely related to visual attention in adults, but not in children. These findings support our hypotheses that context-sensitivity is socialized via a verbal route and that visual attention processes align with acquired narrative structures only later in development, after the preschool years.

摘要

个体之间对视觉场景的感知和关注方式存在显著差异。在跨文化比较中,语境敏感性最能说明这一点,即对场景中焦点物体和背景元素的相对注意力。在言语描述(例如图片描述)和视觉注意(例如眼动追踪范式)中都报告了语境敏感性的差异。本研究调查了(1)父母在视觉场景中引导孩子注意力的方式是否与孩子的语境敏感性差异有关,以及(2)5 岁儿童及其父母对场景的言语描述是否与早期视觉注意(即注视行为)有关。重要的是,当孩子自己描述这些场景时,父母用言语描述视觉场景的方式与孩子的语境敏感性有关。也就是说,我们发现,对物体与背景的参考数量以及场景中不同元素之间关系的数量存在相关性。此外,言语描述与成人的视觉注意力密切相关,但与儿童的视觉注意力无关。这些发现支持了我们的假设,即语境敏感性是通过言语途径社会化的,只有在学龄前之后,视觉注意力过程才会与后天获得的叙事结构相匹配。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f1de/6224102/7ad3473f3817/pone.0207113.g001.jpg

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