Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Polytechnique Montréal, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Polytechnique Montréal, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Polytechnique Montréal, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Polytechnique Montréal, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
Water Res. 2019 Jan 1;148:446-458. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.068. Epub 2018 Oct 28.
Wastewater discharges lead to the deterioration of receiving waters through treated effluents and by-passes, combined and sanitary sewer overflows, and cross-connections to storm sewers. The influence of weather conditions on fecal indicator bacteria, pathogens and wastewater micropollutants on raw and treated sewage concentrations has not been extensively characterized. However, such data are needed to understand the effects of by-pass discharges and incomplete treatment on receiving waters. A water resource recovery facility was monitored for pathogenic parasites (Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts), fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens), and wastewater micropollutants (caffeine, carbamazepine, 2-hydroxycarbamazepine, acesulfame, sucralose, and aspartame) during 6 events under different weather conditions (snowmelt and trace to 32 mm 2-day cumulative precipitation). Greater intra- and inter-event variability was observed for Giardia, E. coli and C. perfringens than for studied WWMPs. Even with the addition of inflow and infiltration, daily variations dominated concentration trends. Thus, afternoon and early evening were identified as critical times with regards to high concentrations and flows for potential by-pass discharges. Peak concentrations of Giardia were observed during the June wet weather event (1010 cysts/L), with the highest flowrates relative to the mean monthly flowrate. Overall, Giardia, E. coli and C. perfringens concentrations were positively correlated with flowrate (R > 0.32, p < 0.05). In raw sewage samples collected under high precipitation conditions, caffeine, carbamazepine and its metabolite 2-OH-carbamazepine were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with Giardia, E. coli, and C. perfringens demonstrating that they are useful markers for untreated sewage discharges. Data from the study are needed for estimating peak concentrations discharged from wastewater sources in relation to precipitation or snowmelt events.
污水排放会通过处理后的废水和旁路、合流和卫生污水溢流水以及与雨水下水道的交叉连接，导致受纳水体恶化。天气条件对原污水和处理后污水中粪大肠菌群、病原体和污水微量污染物浓度的影响尚未得到广泛描述。然而，为了了解旁路排放和不完全处理对受纳水体的影响，需要这些数据。在不同天气条件下（融雪和痕量至 32 毫米 2 天累计降水），对一个水资源回收设施进行了 6 次监测，以检测病原体寄生虫（隐孢子虫卵囊、贾第虫孢囊）、粪便指示菌（大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌）和污水微量污染物（咖啡因、卡马西平、2-羟基卡马西平、乙酰磺胺酸钾、三氯蔗糖和阿斯巴甜）。与研究的污水厂微量污染物相比，贾第虫、大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌的事件内和事件间变异性更大。即使加入了入流和入渗，每日变化仍主导着浓度趋势。因此，下午和傍晚被确定为潜在旁路排放高浓度和高流量的关键时间。在 6 月多雨天气事件中，观察到贾第虫的峰值浓度（1010 个孢囊/L），与月平均流量相比，流量最高。总体而言，贾第虫、大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌浓度与流量呈正相关（R > 0.32，p < 0.05）。在高降水条件下采集的原污水样本中，咖啡因、卡马西平和其代谢物 2-羟基卡马西平与贾第虫、大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌显著相关（p < 0.05），表明它们是未经处理污水排放的有用标志物。需要研究数据来估算与降水或融雪事件相关的污水源排放的峰值浓度。
