Homei Aya
Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Manchester, UK.
Med Mycol. 2006 Sep 1;44(Supplement_1):S39-S54. doi: 10.1080/13693780600876520.
Medical mycology is a relatively young sub-discipline of medicine, institutionalized principally after the Second World War. In this paper, I will trace the process leading to the establishment of medical mycology in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan, three of the most important players in the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) today. Throughout the paper, I will highlight both common features and the unique trajectory found in each country. The latter point resulted from the relative emphasis placed upon certain phenomena in each country. In the US, it was environmental conditions, tradition of soil sciences and particular settings of public health, which all created a stage for medical mycology. In Britain, among many medical specialists involved in building a society for medical mycology, contributions of those in tropical medicine and veterinary science stood out, and after the war, studies of allergy and bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and participation of the MRC were decisive. In Japan, concrete reports on visceral candidiasis and the so-called Bikini Incident were critical determinants. It appears that, although medical mycology emerged almost concomitantly in the three countries, the paths taken were different, thus seemingly the origins and pathways of modern medical mycology in each country ought to be understood in terms of broader historical themes.
医学真菌学是医学中一个相对年轻的子学科，主要在第二次世界大战后制度化。在本文中，我将追溯在美国、英国和日本建立医学真菌学的过程，这三个国家是当今国际人类和动物真菌学会（ISHAM）最重要的三个参与者。在整篇论文中，我将突出每个国家的共同特征和独特轨迹。后者源于每个国家对某些现象的相对重视。在美国，是环境条件、土壤科学传统和公共卫生的特殊背景，所有这些都为医学真菌学创造了一个舞台。在英国，在众多参与建立医学真菌学学会的医学专家中，热带医学和兽医学领域的专家贡献突出，战后，过敏和支气管肺曲霉病的研究以及医学研究委员会（MRC）的参与起到了决定性作用。在日本，关于内脏念珠菌病的具体报告和所谓的比基尼事件是关键的决定因素。看来，尽管医学真菌学在这三个国家几乎同时出现，但所走的道路却不同，因此，每个国家现代医学真菌学的起源和发展路径似乎应该从更广泛的历史主题角度来理解。
