University of Reading, Animal, Dairy and Food Chain Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom.
University of Reading, Animal, Dairy and Food Chain Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Animal Science, Av Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
Food Chem. 2019 Mar 15;276:218-230. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.165. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
This study investigated the effect of UK dairy production system, month, and their interaction, on retail milk fatty acid (FA) profile throughout the year. Milk samples (n = 120) from four conventional (CON), four organic (ORG) and two free-range (FR) brands were collected monthly. ORG milk had more nutritionally-desirable polyunsaturated FA, including rumenic acid and the omega-3 PUFA α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids, and less of the nutritionally-undesirable palmitic acid. Milk FA profile was similar between FR and CON systems, but FR milk had less saturated FA (SFA) and/or palmitic acid, and/or greater α-linolenic and rumenic acids in certain months within the peak-grazing season. According to the measured milk FA profiles and UK milk fat intakes, milk and dairy products contribute around one-third of the maximum recommended SFA intake. A small increased intake of beneficial PUFA may be expected by consuming ORG milk but human health implications from such differences are unknown.
本研究调查了英国乳制品生产体系、月份及其相互作用对全年零售牛奶脂肪酸 (FA) 谱的影响。从四个常规 (CON)、四个有机 (ORG) 和两个自由放养 (FR) 品牌中每月收集牛奶样本 (n = 120)。ORG 牛奶含有更多营养上更理想的多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)，包括瘤胃脂肪酸和 ω-3 PUFA α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳五烯酸，以及较少的营养上不理想的棕榈酸。FR 和 CON 系统之间的牛奶 FA 谱相似，但 FR 牛奶在高峰放牧季节的某些月份中具有较少的饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) 和/或棕榈酸，以及/或者更多的 α-亚麻酸和瘤胃脂肪酸。根据测量的牛奶 FA 谱和英国牛奶脂肪摄入量，牛奶和乳制品贡献了大约三分之一的最大推荐 SFA 摄入量。通过食用 ORG 牛奶，可能会增加有益的 PUFA 的摄入量，但从这种差异中对人类健康的影响尚不清楚。
