Henno Merike, Ariko Tiia, Kaart Tanel, Kuusik Sirje, Ling Katri, Kass Marko, Jaakson Hanno, Leming Ragnar, Givens D Ian, Sterna Vita, Ots Meelis
BioCC LLC,Tartu,Estonia.
Department of Animal Nutrition,Estonian University of Life Sciences,Tartu,Estonia.
J Dairy Res. 2018 May;85(2):247-250. doi: 10.1017/S0022029918000183.
The study reported in this Research Communication compared retail milks' FA profiles from two neighbouring countries, estimated the potential contributions of these milks and a designer milk (achieved by changing the diet of the dairy cow) to the recommended human dietary intake of FA, and predicted (based on the milk FA profile) methane emission from dairy cows. Retail milks in Estonia and Latvia were purchased from supermarkets monthly for one year. To compare the FA composition of retail milk with designer milk with an increased PUFA content, the bulk milk FA profile from a separate field trial was used. Milk FA concentrations of the two neighbouring countries were affected by state, season and their interaction, while the main influence on all these factors were different feeding practices (grazing availability, forage to concentrate ratio and legume-rich silages vs. maize silages). Three cups (600 mL; fat content 2·5 g/100 g) of Estonian, or Latvian retail milk or designer milk per day contributed more to the recommended intakes of saturated FA (SFA) (42·5, 42·7, 38·7%, respectively) than other FA. Compared to the retail milks, α-linolenic acid estimated intake was almost doubled by designer milk consumption (19·7% of adequate intake) without influencing summed intakes of SFA and trans FA. There were state and seasonal differences in the predicted methane outputs of dairy cattle based on retail milk FA. Although the FA profiles of retail milks in the two neighbouring countries were affected by state and season, an appreciable increase in human dietary intakes of beneficial fatty acids from milk, and concomitant reduction in methane emissions from dairy cows, can be achieved only by targeted feeding.
本研究通讯中报道的这项研究比较了两个邻国零售牛奶的脂肪酸（FA）谱，估计了这些牛奶以及一种特制牛奶（通过改变奶牛饮食获得）对推荐的人体FA膳食摄入量的潜在贡献，并（基于牛奶FA谱）预测了奶牛的甲烷排放量。爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚的零售牛奶每月从超市购买，持续一年。为了将零售牛奶的FA组成与多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量增加的特制牛奶进行比较，使用了来自另一个田间试验的原料奶FA谱。两个邻国的牛奶FA浓度受国家、季节及其相互作用的影响，而对所有这些因素的主要影响是不同的饲养方式（放牧可用性、草料与精饲料比例以及富含豆类的青贮饲料与玉米青贮饲料）。每天三杯（600毫升；脂肪含量2.5克/100克）爱沙尼亚或拉脱维亚零售牛奶或特制牛奶对饱和脂肪酸（SFA）推荐摄入量的贡献（分别为42.5%、42.7%、38.7%）比其他FA更多。与零售牛奶相比，饮用特制牛奶使α-亚麻酸的估计摄入量几乎增加了一倍（达到适宜摄入量的19.7%），而不影响SFA和反式FA的总摄入量。基于零售牛奶FA预测的奶牛甲烷排放量存在国家和季节差异。尽管两个邻国零售牛奶的FA谱受国家和季节影响，但只有通过有针对性的饲养，才能显著增加人体从牛奶中摄入有益脂肪酸的量，并同时减少奶牛的甲烷排放。
