Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science. 2018 Dec 7;362(6419). doi: 10.1126/science.aav2621. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Studies of the peopling of the Americas have focused on the timing and number of initial migrations. Less attention has been paid to the subsequent spread of people within the Americas. We sequenced 15 ancient human genomes spanning from Alaska to Patagonia; six are ≥10,000 years old (up to ~18× coverage). All are most closely related to Native Americans, including those from an Ancient Beringian individual and two morphologically distinct "Paleoamericans." We found evidence of rapid dispersal and early diversification that included previously unknown groups as people moved south. This resulted in multiple independent, geographically uneven migrations, including one that provides clues of a Late Pleistocene Australasian genetic signal, as well as a later Mesoamerican-related expansion. These led to complex and dynamic population histories from North to South America.
对美洲人群的研究主要集中在最初迁徙的时间和数量上。而对随后美洲内部人群的扩散则关注较少。我们对跨越从阿拉斯加到巴塔哥尼亚的 15 个人类古基因组进行了测序；其中 6 个的年代在 10000 年以上（最高可达约 18 倍的覆盖率）。这些都与美洲原住民最为密切相关，包括一个古西伯利亚人和两个形态上不同的“古美洲人”。我们发现了快速扩散和早期多样化的证据，随着人们向南移动，包括以前未知的群体。这导致了多次独立的、地理上不均匀的迁徙，其中一次迁徙提供了晚更新世澳大利亚遗传信号的线索，以及后来与中美洲相关的扩张。这些导致了从北到南美的复杂而动态的人口历史。
