Ackert Elizabeth, Ressler Robert, Ansari Arya, Crosnoe Robert
The University of Texas at Austin.
University of Virginia.
J Marriage Fam. 2018 Oct;80(5):1210-1224. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12501. Epub 2018 May 23.
Integrating family and child data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort with contextual data from the Census, this study examined associations among maternal employment, aspects of communities related to child care supply and demand, and the early care and education arrangements of 4-year-olds in Mexican-origin, black, and white families. Children with employed mothers were more likely to be in informal care arrangements than in early childhood education, regardless of racial/ethnic background. For children in Mexican-origin families, selection into informal care over early childhood education was more likely in zip codes with greater demand for care as measured by higher female employment. Utilization of parent care versus early childhood education was also more likely for children in Mexican-origin and black families in zip codes with higher female employment. Constraints associated with maternal employment thus hindered children from enrolling in early childhood education, and community contexts posed challenges for some groups.
本研究将来自儿童早期纵向研究——出生队列的家庭和儿童数据与来自人口普查的背景数据相结合，考察了墨西哥裔、黑人及白人家庭中母亲就业、与儿童保育供需相关的社区因素以及4岁儿童的早期保育和教育安排之间的关联。无论种族/族裔背景如何，母亲就业的孩子比接受幼儿教育的孩子更有可能接受非正式保育安排。对于墨西哥裔家庭的孩子来说，在以女性就业率衡量的保育需求较高的邮政编码地区，他们更有可能选择非正式保育而非幼儿教育。在女性就业率较高的邮政编码地区，墨西哥裔和黑人家庭的孩子也更有可能选择父母照顾而非幼儿教育。因此，与母亲就业相关的限制阻碍了儿童进入幼儿教育机构，并且社区环境给一些群体带来了挑战。
