New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 8;10(11):1710. doi: 10.3390/nu10111710.
Kiwifruit are nutrient-rich and have properties which indicate a low glycaemic impact compared with many cooked cereal foods, suggesting that they may be used for dietary enrichment of vitamin C without glycaemic cost.
To develop tables for equi-carbohydrate and equi-glycaemic partial exchange of kiwifruit for glycaemic carbohydrate foods.
The available carbohydrate content of Zespri Green and Zespri SunGold kiwifruit was determined as sugars released during in vitro digestive analysis. Glycaemic potency was determined as grams of glucose equivalents (GGEs) in a clinical trial using 200 g (a two-kiwifruit edible portion) of each cultivar, non-diabetic subjects ( = 20), and a glucose reference. GGE values were also estimated for a range of carbohydrate foods in the New Zealand Food Composition Database for which available carbohydrate and glycaemic index values were available. The values allowed exchange tables to be constructed for either equi-carbohydrate or equi-glycaemic partial exchange of kiwifruit for the foods.
GGE values of both kiwifruit cultivars were low ("Hayward", 6.6 glucose equivalents/100 g; "Zesy002", 6.7 glucose equivalents/100 g). Partial equi-carbohydrate substitution of foods in most carbohydrate food categories substantially increased vitamin C with little change in glycaemic impact, while equi-glycaemic partial substitution by kiwifruit could be achieved with little change in carbohydrate intake.
Equi-carbohydrate partial exchange of kiwifruit for starchy staple foods is a means of greatly increasing nutrient richness in a diet without the physiological costs of increased glycaemia and insulin responses or carbohydrate intake.
猕猴桃营养丰富，其属性表明与许多煮熟的谷类食品相比，血糖生成指数较低，这表明它们可用于在不增加血糖成本的情况下用维生素 C 强化饮食。
为猕猴桃与血糖生成碳水化合物食物的等碳水化合物和等血糖部分交换制定表格。
通过体外消化分析中释放的糖来确定 Zespri Green 和 Zespri SunGold 猕猴桃的可利用碳水化合物含量。使用每个品种的 200 克（两个猕猴桃可食用部分），非糖尿病受试者（n = 20）和葡萄糖参考品，在临床试验中确定血糖生成能力，即葡萄糖当量（GGE）克数。还根据新西兰食物成分数据库中可利用碳水化合物和血糖指数值可获得的一系列碳水化合物食物估算了 GGE 值。这些值允许为猕猴桃与食物的等碳水化合物或等血糖部分交换构建交换表。
两种猕猴桃品种的 GGE 值均较低（“海沃德”为 6.6 个葡萄糖当量/100 克；“Zesy002”为 6.7 个葡萄糖当量/100 克）。在大多数碳水化合物食物类别中，食物的部分等碳水化合物替代可大大增加维生素 C，而对血糖生成影响几乎没有变化，而猕猴桃的等血糖部分替代则可以在碳水化合物摄入量几乎没有变化的情况下实现。
淀粉主食与猕猴桃的等碳水化合物部分交换是一种在不增加血糖和胰岛素反应或碳水化合物摄入的生理成本的情况下极大地增加饮食营养丰富度的方法。
