Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:329-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042010-113026. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
There is controversy concerning the role of sugar in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. There is less controversy concerning the effects of fructose on components of metabolic syndrome; consumption of fructose has been shown to increase visceral adipose deposition and de novo lipogenesis (DNL), produce dyslipidemia, and decrease insulin sensitivity in older, overweight/obese subjects. This review examines the potential mechanisms of these effects of fructose and considers whether these mechanisms are relevant to the effects of consuming sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup. Evidence demonstrating that the commonly consumed sugars increase visceral adipose deposition, DNL, and insulin insensitivity is limited or inconclusive. Evidence that sugar consumption promotes development of an unfavorable lipid profile is strong and suggests that the upper added sugar consumption limit of 25% of energy or less, suggested in the Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, may merit re-evaluation.
关于糖在肥胖症和代谢综合征流行中的作用存在争议。关于果糖对代谢综合征成分的影响则争议较少；研究表明，果糖的摄入会增加内脏脂肪沉积和从头合成（DNL），导致血脂异常，并降低超重/肥胖老年人的胰岛素敏感性。本综述检查了果糖这些作用的潜在机制，并考虑了这些机制是否与食用蔗糖或高果糖玉米糖浆的作用相关。证明常用糖会增加内脏脂肪沉积、DNL 和胰岛素敏感性降低的证据有限或不明确。有强有力的证据表明，糖的摄入会促进不利的血脂谱的发展，这表明美国 2010 年饮食指南咨询委员会报告中建议的添加糖摄入量上限应占总能量的 25%或更少，这一上限可能需要重新评估。
