脱落酸（ABA）和低温协同作用提高了葡萄休眠芽中 CBF/DREB1 转录因子的表达和抗寒性。
Abscisic acid (ABA) and low temperatures synergistically increase the expression of CBF/DREB1 transcription factors and cold-hardiness in grapevine dormant buds.
机构信息
Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla, Santiago, Chile.
Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2019 Mar 14;123(4):681-689. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcy201.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
It has been reported that low temperatures (LTs) and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induce the expression of CBF/DREB1 transcription factors in vegetative tissues and seedlings of Vitis vinifera and Vitis riparia and that foliar applications of ABA to V. vinifera increase the freezing tolerance or cold-hardiness of dormant buds. However, the combined effect of ABA and LTs on the expression of CBF/DREB1 transcription factors and on the acquisition of freezing tolerance in dormant grapevine buds has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to analyse the combined effect of ABA and LT treatments on the expression of CBF/DREB transcription factors and the acquisition of freezing tolerance.
METHODS
In vitro experiments with single-bud cuttings of grapevines were used to analyse the effect of ABA, ABA + LT and LT on the expression of CBF/DREB transcription factors, dehydrin and antioxidant genes, the acquisition of freezing tolerance and the endogenous content of ABA. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR and freezing tolerance was determined by measuring the low-temperature exotherm by differential thermal analysis. ABA levels were determined by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector.
KEY RESULTS
The LT treatment and exogenous application of ABA to grapevine dormant buds increased the expression of the CBF/DREB1 transcription factors VvCBF2, VvCBF3, VvCBF4 and VvCBF6. The joint application of LT and ABA produced a huge increase in the expression of these transcription factors, which was greater than the sum of the increases produced by them individually, which indicates the existence of a synergistic effect between ABA and LT on the activation of these transcription factors. This synergic effect was also observed on the increase in bud cold-hardiness and on the expression of antioxidant and dehydrin genes.
CONCLUSIONS
The synergy between ABA and LT on the expression of CBF/DREB1 transcription factors VvCBF2, VvCBF3, VvCBF4 and VvCBF6 plays a key role in cold acclimatization of grapevine buds. The results highlight the importance of the combination of stimuli in the improvement of genetic and physiological responses and help us to understand the adaption of plants to complex environments.
背景和目的
据报道，低温（LTs）和植物激素脱落酸（ABA）诱导葡萄属植物的营养组织和幼苗中 CBF/DREB1 转录因子的表达，并且将 ABA 施用于葡萄属葡萄可增加休眠芽的抗冻性或抗寒性。然而，ABA 和 LTs 对 CBF/DREB1 转录因子表达和休眠葡萄芽获得抗冻性的综合影响尚未被研究。本研究的目的是分析 ABA 和 LT 处理对 CBF/DREB 转录因子表达和获得抗冻性的综合影响。
方法
采用离体葡萄芽单芽切段进行试验，分析 ABA、ABA+LT 和 LT 处理对 CBF/DREB 转录因子、脱水素和抗氧化基因表达、抗冻性获得和内源 ABA 含量的影响。采用定量实时 PCR 进行基因表达分析，通过差示热分析测定低温放热来测定抗冻性。采用气相色谱法结合电子捕获检测器测定 ABA 水平。
主要结果
LT 处理和外源 ABA 处理休眠期葡萄芽增加了 CBF/DREB1 转录因子 VvCBF2、VvCBF3、VvCBF4 和 VvCBF6 的表达。LT 和 ABA 的联合应用使这些转录因子的表达大量增加，其增加幅度大于它们单独作用的总和，这表明 ABA 和 LT 之间存在激活这些转录因子的协同作用。这种协同作用也表现在芽抗寒性的增加和抗氧化剂和脱水素基因的表达上。
结论
ABA 和 LT 对 VvCBF2、VvCBF3、VvCBF4 和 VvCBF6 转录因子表达的协同作用在葡萄芽的低温驯化中起着关键作用。研究结果突出了刺激组合在提高遗传和生理响应中的重要性，有助于我们理解植物对复杂环境的适应。
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