Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 1;24(7):6603. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076603.
The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part of sustainable agriculture. In this review, we focus on current findings in plant resistance to four cardinal abiotic stressors-drought, heat, salinity, and low temperatures. Apart from the description of the newly discovered mechanisms of signaling and resistance to abiotic stress, this review also focuses on the importance of primary and secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, and phytohormones. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies concerning the model plant demonstrates the long-observed phenomenon that abiotic stressors induce different signals and effects at the level of gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most stressors can still be traced. The analysis further reveals the transcriptional modulation of Golgi-targeted proteins in response to heat stress. Our analysis also highlights several genes that are similarly regulated under all stress conditions. These genes support the central role of phytohormones in the abiotic stress response, and the importance of some of these in plant resistance has not yet been studied. Finally, this review provides information about the response to abiotic stress in major European crop plants-wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, and apples.
绝大多数农业用地都经历着非生物胁迫，这会显著降低农业产量。因此，了解植物抵御胁迫的机制并将这些知识付诸实践，是可持续农业的一个组成部分。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了植物对四种主要非生物胁迫源（干旱、高温、盐度和低温）的抗性的最新发现。除了描述新发现的对非生物胁迫的信号转导和抗性机制外，本综述还重点介绍了包括碳水化合物、氨基酸、酚类和植物激素在内的初级和次级代谢物的重要性。对模式植物的转录组学研究的荟萃分析表明，长期以来观察到的现象是，非生物胁迫源在基因表达水平上诱导不同的信号和效应，但在大多数胁迫源下调节相似的基因仍然可以追踪到。该分析进一步揭示了高尔基体靶向蛋白对热应激的转录调节。我们的分析还突出了几个在所有胁迫条件下都受到类似调控的基因。这些基因支持植物激素在非生物胁迫反应中的核心作用，而其中一些在植物抗性中的作用尚未得到研究。最后，本综述提供了关于主要欧洲作物（小麦、甜菜、玉米、土豆、大麦、向日葵、葡萄、油菜、番茄和苹果）对非生物胁迫的响应信息。
